{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:30:11Z","timestamp":1793737811219,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\/01375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/01375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Imaging and Behavior"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-026-01199-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:31:32Z","timestamp":1789965092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["White matter microstructural alterations associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9117-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Reyes-Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Paredes-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan B.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Alfaro-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Ramos-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Ariza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Rioja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Arn\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4861-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Casares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019","volume":"125","author":"JLR Andersson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andersson, J. L. R., & Sotiropoulos, S. N. (2016). An integrated approach to correction for off-resonance effects and subject movement in diffusion MR imaging. Neuroimage, 125, 1063\u20131078.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10609","volume":"50","author":"TE Behrens","year":"2003","unstructured":"Behrens, T. E., Woolrich, M. W., Jenkinson, M., et al. (2003). Characterization and propagation of uncertainty in diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 50(5), 1077\u20131088.","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.018","volume":"34","author":"TE Behrens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Behrens, T. E., Berg, H. J., Jbabdi, S., et al. (2007). Probabilistic diffusion tractography with multiple fibre orientations: What can we gain? Neuroimage, 34(1), 144\u2013155.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024","volume":"62","author":"AC Evans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Evans, A. C., Janke, A. L., Collins, D. L., et al. (2012). Brain templates and atlases. Neuroimage, 62(2), 911\u2013922.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189\u2013198.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","volume":"23","author":"M Hamilton","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 23(1), 56\u201362.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"key":"1199_CR7","unstructured":"Holdnack, J. A., Drozdick, L. W., Weiss, L. G., et al. (2013). WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and ACS; Advanced clinical interpretation. Academic."},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30368-0","volume":"19","author":"F Jessen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jessen, F., Amariglio, R. E., Buckley, R. F., et al. (2020). The characterisation of subjective cognitive decline. The Lancet Neurology, 19(3), 271\u2013278.","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"1199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D. J., Yu, J. H., Shin, M. S. (2016). Hyperglycemia reduces efficiency of brain networks in subjects with type 2 diabetes. In I. Sendi\u00f1a-Nadal (Ed.), PLoS ONE, 11(6), e0157268.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157268"},{"key":"1199_CR10","unstructured":"Mori, S., Wakana, S., Van Zijl, P. C. M., et al. (2005). MRI atlas of human white matter. Elsevier."},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., B\u00e9dirian, V., et al. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695\u2013699.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"1199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.07.004","volume":"16","author":"A Nouwen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nouwen, A., Chambers, A., Chechlacz, M., et al. (2017). Microstructural abnormalities in white and gray matter in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes. NeuroImage: Clinical, 16, 43\u201351.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"1199_CR13","first-page":"206","volume":"30","author":"PA Osterrieth","year":"1944","unstructured":"Osterrieth, P. A. (1944). Le test de copie d\u2019une figure complexe; contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude de la perception et de la m\u00e9moire. Archives de Psychologie, 30, 206\u2013366.","journal-title":"Archives de Psychologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR14","first-page":"123","volume":"73","author":"P Palta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palta, P., Carlson, M. C., Crum, R. M., et al. (2018). Diabetes and cognitive decline in older adults: The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 73(1), 123\u2013130.","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"issue":"12","key":"1199_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004393","volume":"89","author":"JM Papma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Papma, J. M., Jiskoot, L. C., Panman, J. L., et al. (2017). Cognition and gray and white matter characteristics of presymptomatic C9orf72 repeat expansion. Neurology, 89(12), 1256\u20131264.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1199_CR16","first-page":"11","volume":"1","author":"JE Partington","year":"1949","unstructured":"Partington, J. E., & Leiter, R. G. (1949). Partington\u2019s Pathways Test. Psychological Service Center Bulletin, 1, 11\u201320.","journal-title":"Psychological Service Center Bulletin"},{"key":"1199_CR17","unstructured":"Rey, A. (1958). L\u2019exam clinique en psycologie (1st ed.). Presse Universitaire de France."},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230791","volume":"99","author":"JA Reyes Bueno","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reyes Bueno, J. A., S\u00e1nchez-Guijo, G., R\u00e1ez, P. D., et al. (2024). Effects of type 2 diabetes on the neuropsychological profile in mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, 99(3), 887\u2013897.","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"1199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106062","volume":"176","author":"MR Rizzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rizzo, M. R., Di Meo, I., Polito, R., et al. (2022). Cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus on SGLT2 inhibitors treatment. Pharmacological Research, 176, 106062.","journal-title":"Pharmacological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062","volume":"17","author":"SM Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith, S. M. (2002). Fast robust automated brain extraction. Human Brain Mapping, 17(3), 143\u2013155.","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"1199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","volume":"23","author":"SM Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Woolrich, M. W., et al. (2004). Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. Neuroimage, 23, S208\u2013S219.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024","volume":"31","author":"SM Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith, S. M., Jenkinson, M., Johansen-Berg, H., et al. (2006). Tract-based spatial statistics: Voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage, 31(4), 1487\u20131505.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1199_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.04.014","volume":"134","author":"SN Sotiropoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sotiropoulos, S. N., Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, M., Vu, A. T., et al. (2016). Fusion in diffusion MRI for improved fibre orientation estimation: An application to the 3T and 7T data of the Human Connectome Project. Neuroimage, 134, 396\u2013409.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1199_CR24","unstructured":"Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M. S., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054651","volume":"18","author":"JR Stroop","year":"1935","unstructured":"Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643\u2013662.","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"1199_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00021","volume":"12","author":"Q Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun, Q., Chen, G. Q., Wang, X. B., et al. (2018). Alterations of white matter integrity and hippocampal functional connectivity in type 2 diabetes without mild cognitive impairment. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 12, 21.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy"},{"key":"1199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article4591938","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4591938","volume":"2020","author":"L Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun, L., Diao, X., Gang, X., et al. (2020). Risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020, Article4591938.","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"1199_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14306","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14306","volume":"60","author":"EM Tinney","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tinney, E. M., Loui, P., Raine, L. B., et al. (2023). Influence of mild cognitive impairment and body mass index on white matter integrity assessed by diffusion tensor imaging. Psychophysiology, 60(9), e14306.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800420","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.800420","volume":"15","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, J., Ma, L., Liu, G., et al. (2022). Tractography in type 2 diabetes mellitus with subjective memory complaints: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 800420.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"100","key":"1199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","volume":"92","author":"AM Winkler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winkler, A. M., Ridgway, G. R., Webster, M. A., et al. (2014). Permutation inference for the general linear model. Neuroimage, 92(100), 381\u2013397.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1199_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023a). April). Diabetes. World Health Organization."},{"key":"1199_CR32","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023b). March). Dementia. World Health Organization."},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5042","volume":"38","author":"Y Xie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Qin, W., et al. (2017). White matter microstructural abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A diffusional kurtosis imaging analysis. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology, 38(3), 617\u2013625.","journal-title":"AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4740","volume":"37","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiong, Y., Sui, Y., Xu, Z., et al. (2016). A diffusion tensor imaging study on white matter abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes using tract-based spatial statistics. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 37(8), 1462\u20131469.","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.04.016","volume":"174","author":"PL Yau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yau, P. L., Javier, D., Tsui, W., et al. (2009). Emotional and neutral declarative memory impairments and associated white matter microstructural abnormalities in adults with type 2 diabetes. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 174(3), 223\u2013230.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1857-y","volume":"53","author":"PL Yau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yau, P. L., Javier, D. C., Ryan, C. M., et al. (2010). Preliminary evidence for brain complications in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 53(11), 2298\u20132306.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1199_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/329602","volume":"2013","author":"PL Yau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yau, P. L., Hempel, R., Tirsi, A., et al. (2013). Cerebral white matter and retinal arterial health in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Hypertension, 2013, 1\u20139.","journal-title":"International Journal of Hypertension"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0342","volume":"63","author":"J Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, J., et al. (2014). White matter integrity disruptions associated with cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes, 63(11), 3596\u20133605.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1199_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658198","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.658198","volume":"12","author":"C Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, C., Li, J., Dong, M., et al. (2021). Altered white matter microstructures in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 658198.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Brain Imaging and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01199-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01199-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01199-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:02:55Z","timestamp":1793736175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01199-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01199-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1931-7565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-7565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The regional ethics committee approved the study on March 26, 2020. The study was conducted following the Helsinki Declaration and regulatory requirements.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Participants were informed about the research\u2019s scope, data inclusion, and their right to opt-out at any time.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"129"}}