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In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the engineering of CAR T cell therapies to restore the immune response in solid malignancies, especially with CAR T cells acting as cellular carriers to deliver immunomodulators to tumors to mobilize the endogenous immune response. We also explored the sensitizing effects of conventional treatment approaches, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, on CAR T cell therapy. Finally, we discuss the combination of CAR T cells with biomaterials or oncolytic viruses to enhance the anti-tumor outcomes of CAR T cell therapies in solid tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0746-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T16:10:19Z","timestamp":1597335019000},"page":"726-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Programming CAR T cells to enhance anti-tumor efficacy through remodeling of the immune system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"746_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-017-0102-y","volume":"5","author":"C Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang C, Liu J, Zhong JF, Zhang X. 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