{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T15:14:50Z","timestamp":1776266090793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006537","name":"campus france","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["38970PE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["38970PE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T05:02:30Z","timestamp":1637384550000},"page":"546-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Protozoan Parasites and Leafy Greens in Marrakech: Study of Occurrence Using a Molecular Method"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Salma","family":"Berrouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandie","family":"Escotte-Binet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atika","family":"Madline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Nast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"La Carbona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laila","family":"Hoummadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-303X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamaleddine","family":"Hafid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Villena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030597","volume":"9","author":"S Almeria","year":"2021","unstructured":"Almeria S, Murata FHA, Cerqueira-C\u00e9zar CK et al (2021) Epidemiological and public health significance of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild rabbits and hares: 2010\u20132020. Microorganisms 9:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9030597","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.08.002","volume":"132","author":"A Zahedi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zahedi A, Ryan U (2020) Cryptosporidium\u2014an update with an emphasis on foodborne and waterborne transmission. Res Vet Sci 132:500\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.08.002","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-73.6.1138","volume":"73","author":"I Amoros","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amoros I, Alonso JL, Cuesta G (2010) Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts on salad products irrigated with contaminated water. J Food Prot 73:1138\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028x-73.6.1138","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2016.01.001","volume":"2","author":"LF Lalonde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lalonde LF, Gajadhar AA (2016) Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii on imported leafy green vegetables in Canadian survey. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2:8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2016.01.001","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.09.020","volume":"263","author":"KS Utaaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Utaaker KS, Kumar A, Joshi H et al (2017) Checking the detail in retail: occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia on vegetables sold across different counters in Chandigarh, India. Int J Food Microbiol 263:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.09.020","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2017.06.006","volume":"67","author":"T Caradonna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caradonna T, Marangi M, Del Chierico F et al (2017) Detection and prevalence of protozoan parasites in ready-to-eat packaged salads on sale in Italy. Food Microbiol 67:67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2017.06.006","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.2166\/WH.2020.037","volume":"18","author":"H Sakkas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sakkas H, Economou V, Bozidis P et al (2020) Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in foods of plant origin in North-Western Greece. J Water Health 18:574\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/WH.2020.037","journal-title":"J Water Health"},{"key":"488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06661-z","volume":"119","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Zhang X, Jian Y et al (2020) Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in vegetables from street markets from the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area in China. Parasitol Res 119:1847\u20131855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-020-06661-z","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"488_CR9","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition","author":"AA Gajadhar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gajadhar AA (2015) 1 - Introduction to foodborne parasites. In: Gajadhar AABT-FP in the FSW (ed) Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. Woodhead Publishing, Oxford, pp 3\u20139"},{"key":"488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815003040","volume":"144","author":"EA Adam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adam EA, Yoder JS, Gould LH et al (2016) Giardiasis outbreaks in the United States, 1971\u20132011. Epidemiol Infect 144:2790\u20132801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268815003040","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145839","volume":"11","author":"T Hald","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hald T, Aspinall W, Devleesschauwer B et al (2016) World Health Organization estimates of the relative contributions of food to the burden of disease due to selected foodborne hazards: a structured expert elicitation. PLoS ONE 11:1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0145839","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.1.250","volume":"167","author":"ED Mintz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mintz ED, Wragg MH, Mshar P et al (1993) Foodborne giardiasis in a corporate office setting. J Infect Dis 167:250\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/167.1.250","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"488_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3354-6","volume":"12","author":"RM Chalmers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chalmers RM, Robinson G, Elwin K, Elson R (2019) Analysis of the Cryptosporidium spp. and gp60 subtypes linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2009 to 2017. Parasit Vectors 12:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3354-6","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6825a3","volume":"68","author":"R Gharpure","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gharpure R, Perez A, Miller AD et al (2019) Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks\u2014United states, 2009\u20132017. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 68:568\u2013572","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000232","volume":"147","author":"LJ Robertson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robertson LJ, Temesgen TT, Tysnes KR, Eik\u00e5s JE (2019) An apple a day: an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Norway associated with self-pressed apple juice. Epidemiol Infect 147:25\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268819000232","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125955","volume":"10","author":"C McKerr","year":"2015","unstructured":"McKerr C, Adak GK, Nichols G et al (2015) An outbreak of Cryptosporidium parvum across England and Scotland associated with consumption of fresh pre-cut salad leaves, May 2012. PLoS ONE 10:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0125955","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.28.19269-en","volume":"14","author":"A P\u00f6nka","year":"2009","unstructured":"P\u00f6nka A, Kotilainen H, Hokkanen P et al (2009) A foodborne outbreak due to Cryptosporidium parvum in Helsinki, November 2008. Eurosurveillance 14:14\u201316","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652012000500001","volume":"54","author":"CCJ Ekman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ekman CCJ, Chiossi do MFV, Meireles LR et al (2012) Case-control study of an outbreak of acute toxoplasmosis in an industrial plant in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 54:239\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0036-46652012000500001","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.5123\/S2176-62232016000500016","volume":"7","author":"RAPB dos Morais","year":"2016","unstructured":"dos Morais RAPB, Freire ABC, Barbosa DRL et al (2016) Surto de toxoplasmose aguda no Munic\u00edpio de Ponta de Pedras, Arquip\u00e9lago do Maraj\u00f3, Estado do Par\u00e1, Brasil: caracter\u00edsticas cl\u00ednicas, laboratoriais e epidemiol\u00f3gicas. Rev Pan-Amaz\u00f4nica Sa\u00fade 7:143\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5123\/S2176-62232016000500016","journal-title":"Rev Pan-Amaz\u00f4nica Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4020-5","volume":"19","author":"G Alemu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alemu G, Mama M, Misker D, Haftu D (2019) Parasitic contamination of vegetables marketed in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 19:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-4020-5","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"488_CR21","unstructured":"Bethea DA (2014) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in fresh produce. Dissertation, University of Georgia"},{"key":"488_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-64.11.1793","volume":"64","author":"LJ Robertson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Robertson LJ, Gjerde B (2001) Occurrence of parasites on fruits and vegetables in Norway. J Food Prot 64:1793\u20131798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028X-64.11.1793","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54073-6","volume":"9","author":"A Lass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lass A, Ma L, Kontogeorgos I et al (2019) First molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in vegetable samples in China using qualitative, quantitative real-time PCR and multilocus genotyping. Sci Rep 9:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-54073-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2009.11.005","volume":"21","author":"AK Abougrain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abougrain AK, Nahaisi MH, Madi NS et al (2010) Parasitological contamination in salad vegetables in Tripoli-Libya. Food Control 21:760\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2009.11.005","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7537\/marslsj13021605.Key","volume":"13","author":"SO Ahmad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmad SO, El Fadaly HA, Zaki MS, Barakat AMA (2016) Incidence of zoonotic parasites in Egyptian raw vegetable salads. Life Sci J 13:27\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7537\/marslsj13021605.Key","journal-title":"Life Sci J"},{"key":"488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2016.508.085","volume":"5","author":"GT El Sherbini","year":"2016","unstructured":"El Sherbini GT, Hany Kamel NO, Geneedy MR, Temsah AG (2016) A Comparative study of the occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts found on fresh fruits and vegetables sold in supermarkets and open-aired markets. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 5:760\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20546\/ijcmas.2016.508.085","journal-title":"Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci"},{"key":"488_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2012.05.005","volume":"48","author":"SD El Said","year":"2012","unstructured":"El Said SD (2012) Detection of parasites in commonly consumed raw vegetables. Alex J Med 48:345\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajme.2012.05.005","journal-title":"Alex J Med"},{"key":"488_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/613960","author":"MA Eraky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eraky MA, Rashed SM, Nasr MES et al (2014) Parasitic contamination of commonly consumed fresh leafy vegetables in Benha. Egypt J Parasitol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/613960","journal-title":"Egypt J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.9734\/JABB\/2015\/15937","volume":"3","author":"L Hassan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hassan L, Ullah F (2015) Prevalence and molecular detection of Giardia spp. in different drinking water sources in Karak. J Adv Biol Biotechnol 3:84\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/JABB\/2015\/15937","journal-title":"J Adv Biol Biotechnol"},{"key":"488_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v20i4.19","volume":"20","author":"S Berrouch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berrouch S, Escotte-Binet S, Amraouza Y et al (2020) Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii detection in fresh vegetables consumed in Marrakech, Morocco. Afr Health Sci 20:1669\u20131678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v20i4.19","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"488_CR31","first-page":"582","volume":"7","author":"K Bouhoum","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bouhoum K, Amahmid O (2002) Municipal wastewater reuse for irrigation: productivity and contamination level of irrigated crops by pathogens. Proc Int Symp Environ Pollut Control Waste Manag 7:582\u2013587","journal-title":"Proc Int Symp Environ Pollut Control Waste Manag"},{"key":"488_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020000086","author":"S Berrouch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berrouch S, Escotte-binet S, Harrak R et al (2020) Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review. Parasitol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182020000086","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"488_CR33","unstructured":"ISO 18744 (2016) Microbiology of the food chain\u2014detection and enumeration of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh leafy green vegetables and berry fruits."},{"key":"488_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00097","volume":"21","author":"R Razakandrainibe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Razakandrainibe R, Kubina S, Costa D et al (2020) Evaluation of a modified method for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts on spinach leaves. Food Waterborne Parasitol 21:e00097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2020.e00097","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"488_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.03.011","volume":"99","author":"RM Chalmers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chalmers RM, Robertson LJ, Dorny P et al (2020) Parasite detection in food: current status and future needs for validation. Trends Food Sci Technol 99:337\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.03.011","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"488_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5735-0","volume":"117","author":"SA Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed SA, Karanis P (2018) An overview of methods\/techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium in food samples. Parasitol Res 117:629\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-017-5735-0","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"488_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010167","volume":"9","author":"I Slana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Slana I, Bier N, Bartosova B et al (2021) Molecular methods for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in fresh produce: an extensive review. Microorganisms 9:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9010167","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"488_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2021.e00124","volume":"23","author":"B Bartosova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartosova B, Koudela B, Slana I (2021) Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis, Echinococcus multilocularis, Toxocara spp. and microsporidia in fresh produce using molecular methods: a review. Food Waterborne Parasitol 23:e00124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2021.e00124","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"488_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2021.103816","author":"M Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim M, Shapiro K, Rajal VB et al (2021) Quantification of viable protozoan parasites on leafy greens using molecular methods. Food Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2021.103816","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR40","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dubey JP (2010) Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, 2nd edn. Florida, USA","edition":"2"},{"key":"488_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.12.015","volume":"109","author":"N Cook","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cook N, Paton CA, Wilkinson N et al (2006) Towards standard methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum on lettuce and raspberries. Part 1: development and optimization of methods. Int J Food Microbiol 109:215\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.12.015","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.07.012","volume":"274","author":"S Escotte-Binet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Escotte-Binet S, Da Silva AM, Canc\u00e8s B et al (2019) A rapid and sensitive method to detect Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil samples. Vet Parasitol 274:108904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.07.012","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"488_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2017.10.001","volume":"70","author":"M Lalle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lalle M, Possenti A, Dubey JP, Pozio E (2018) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral-flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) to detect Toxoplasma gondii oocyst in ready-to-eat salad. Food Microbiol 70:137\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2017.10.001","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-3-7","volume":"3","author":"U Reischl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reischl U, Bretagne S, Kr\u00fcger D et al (2003) Comparison of two DNA targets for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes. BMC Infect Dis 3:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-3-7","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"488_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-8508(03)00057-4","volume":"17","author":"JJ Verweij","year":"2003","unstructured":"Verweij JJ, Schinkel J, Laeijendecker D et al (2003) Real-time PCR for the detection of Giardia lamblia. Mol Cell Probes 17:223\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0890-8508(03)00057-4","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"488_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(02)00839-X","volume":"214","author":"M Fontaine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fontaine M, Guillot E (2002) Development of a TaqMan quantitative PCR assay specific for Cryptosporidium parvum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 214:13\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-1097(02)00839-X","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"488_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115297","author":"E G\u00e9ba","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00e9ba E, Aubert D, Durand L et al (2020) Use of the bivalve Dreissena polymorpha as a biomonitoring tool to reflect the protozoan load in freshwater bodies. Water Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115297","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"488_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00246-12","volume":"78","author":"M L\u00e9lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00e9lu M, Villena I, Dard\u00e9 ML et al (2012) Quantitative estimation of the viability of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:5127\u20135132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.00246-12","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2016.01.002","volume":"57","author":"J Hohweyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hohweyer J, Cazeaux C, Travaill\u00e9 E et al (2016) Simultaneous detection of the protozoan parasites Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium and Giardia in food matrices and their persistence on basil leaves. Food Microbiol 57:36\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2016.01.002","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2015.12.002","volume":"2","author":"LF Lalonde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lalonde LF, Gajadhar AA (2016) Optimization and validation of methods for isolation and real-time PCR identification of protozoan oocysts on leafy green vegetables and berry fruits. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2015.12.002","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"488_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.11.025","volume":"25","author":"MZ Valle Gomes do","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valle Gomes do MZ, Nitschke M (2012) Evaluation of rhamnolipid and surfactin to reduce the adhesion and remove biofilms of individual and mixed cultures of food pathogenic bacteria. Food Control 25:441\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.11.025","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"488_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-12-282","volume":"76","author":"B Dixon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dixon B, Parrington L, Cook A et al (2013) Detection of Cyclospora, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia in ready-to-eat packaged leafy greens in Ontario, Canada. J Food Prot 76:307\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-12-282","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"488_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.2.415","volume":"72","author":"VM Bohaychuk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bohaychuk VM, Bradbury RW, Dimock R et al (2009) A microbiological survey of selected alberta-grown fresh produce from farmers\u2019 markets in Alberta, Canada. J Food Prot 72:415\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/0362-028X-72.2.415","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"488_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03868-14","volume":"81","author":"KR Ganz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganz KR, Clime L, Farber JM et al (2015) Enhancing the detection of Giardia duodenalis cysts in foods by inertial microfluidic separation. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:3925\u20133933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.03868-14","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2004.11.024","volume":"61","author":"A Dum\u00e8tre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dum\u00e8tre A, Dard\u00e9 ML (2005) Immunomagnetic separation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts using a monoclonal antibody directed against the oocyst wall. J Microbiol Methods 61:209\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2004.11.024","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"488_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x","volume":"113","author":"C Schrader","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schrader C, Schielke A, Ellerbroek L, Johne R (2012) PCR inhibitors\u2014occurrence, properties and removal. J Appl Microbiol 113:1014\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05384.x","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.11.001","volume":"92","author":"JM Shields","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shields JM, Joo J, Kim R, Murphy HR (2013) Assessment of three commercial DNA extraction kits and a laboratory-developed method for detecting Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora in raspberry wash, basil wash and pesto. J Microbiol Methods 92:51\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.11.001","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"488_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1414-8","volume":"31","author":"A Lass","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lass A, Pietkiewicz H, Szostakowska B, Myjak P (2012) The first detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in environmental fruits and vegetables samples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31:1101\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1414-8","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"488_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2396\/0005-4366-124-449","volume":"124","author":"DC Herrmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Herrmann DC, Maksimov A, Pantchev N et al (2011) Comparison of different commercial DNA extraction kits to detect Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in cat faeces. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 124:497\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2396\/0005-4366-124-449","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"488_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1937","volume":"16","author":"AA Marchioro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marchioro AA, Tiyo BT, Colli CM et al (2016) First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the fresh leafs of vegetables in South America. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis 16:624\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2015.1937","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"488_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2019.103252","volume":"84","author":"K Shapiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shapiro K, Kim M, Rajal VB et al (2019) Simultaneous detection of four protozoan parasites on leafy greens using a novel multiplex PCR assay. Food Microbiol 84:103252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fm.2019.103252","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12402","volume":"60","author":"ML Ramirez-Martinez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramirez-Martinez ML, Olmos-Ortiz LM, Barajas-Mendiola MA et al (2015) A PCR procedure for the detection of Giardia intestinalis cysts and Escherichia coli in lettuce. Lett Appl Microbiol 60:517\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/lam.12402","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/001461-0","volume":"57","author":"N Jothikumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jothikumar N, Silva AJ, Moura I et al (2008) Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum by dual TaqMan assays. J Med Microbiol 57:1099\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.2008\/001461-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"488_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mran.2020.100133","author":"A Thebault","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thebault A, Kooh P, Cadavez V et al (2020) Risk factors for sporadic toxoplasmosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Risk Anal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mran.2020.100133","journal-title":"Microb Risk Anal"},{"key":"488_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnz170","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnz170","volume":"366","author":"M Slany","year":"2019","unstructured":"Slany M, Dziedzinska R, Babak V et al (2019) Toxoplasma gondii in vegetables from fields and farm storage facilities in the Czech Republic. FEMS Microbiol Lett 366:fnz170","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"488_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04040-2","volume":"13","author":"CS Marques","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marques CS, Sousa S, Castro A, Da Costa JMC (2020) Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in fresh vegetables and berry fruits. Parasit Vectors 13:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04040-2","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"488_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.01.033","volume":"26","author":"A Hassan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hassan A, Farouk H, Abdul-Ghani R (2012) Parasitological contamination of freshly eaten vegetables collected from local markets in Alexandria, Egypt: a preliminary study. Food Control 26:500\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.01.033","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"488_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mran.2020.100116","author":"P Kooh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kooh P, Th\u00e9bault A, Cadavez V et al (2020) Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Risk Anal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mran.2020.100116","journal-title":"Microb Risk Anal"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T23:08:15Z","timestamp":1647904095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}