{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:02:26Z","timestamp":1785294146305,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Giardia duodenalis<\/jats:italic> is the most common worldwide intestinal protozoal infection. The implication of free radicals in organ injury occurs through oxidative stress. Infections as <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> may act as a triggering or promoting factor for oxidative stress, particularly in children with compromised immunity. Besides, the effect of <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> genotype on oxidative stress status is yet to be explored. Therefore, we sought to compare the oxidative stress status between <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> positive cases (case group) and <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> negative cases (control group), and to explore the association between <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> genotype and the level of oxidative stress markers in <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>-infected children, especially those receiving immunosuppressive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pediatric patients attending Mansoura University Children Hospital in the period from April 2015 to October 2016 were enrolled. Both case (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950) and control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950) groups were further subdivided into immunosuppressive therapy recipients (ITR) and non-immunosuppressive therapy recipients (NITR). Genotyping of <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> from positive stool samples by PCR was carried out, and oxidative stress markers were measured from venous blood samples.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> positive cases had higher levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). MDA highest level was associated with mixed genotypes A and B, while the highest TAC level was associated with <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> genotype A in both ITR and NITR cases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Elevated oxidative stress biomarkers in pediatric patients infected with specific <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> genotypes should receive considerable attention, because if prompt treatment is not conducted, oxidative damage may occur in patients with giardiasis, especially those receiving immunosuppressive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-022-00548-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T13:03:46Z","timestamp":1652187826000},"page":"1145-1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association Between Giardia Genotype and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Among Giardia-Infected Children: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Amira","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida A.","family":"Abdel-Magied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Elhenawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala A.","family":"El-Nahas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"548_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240119","volume":"15","author":"AA Ahmad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmad AA, El-Kady AM, Hassan TM (2020) Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in children in upper Egypt using assemblage-specific PCR technique. 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