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In addition, written informed consent was obtained from every adult enrolled and from the parent or guardian of each child enrolled in this study. Data collected are kept secured with a password and only the investigation team has access to this. No personal identification information has been reported. All patients tested positive by thick\/thin blood smear or malaria RDT received artemether\u2013lumefantrine fixed-dose combination tablets (Coartem<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>, Novartis Pharma, Switzerland) at no cost during 3\u00a0days in case of uncomplicated malaria according to Togo\u2019s NMCP recommendations. However, treatment of severe malaria was at the patients\u2019 charge. 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