{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:18:53Z","timestamp":1778617133033,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013041","name":"Vice-Chancellor for Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-023-00759-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T15:02:22Z","timestamp":1705503742000},"page":"567-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anti-Toxoplasma In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Pyrus boissieriana Arbutin-Rich Fraction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Saleh","family":"Bahreini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Farzad","family":"Pourmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Habibollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ardalan","family":"Pasdaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Hamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qasem","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1849103","volume":"35","author":"MS Bahreini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bahreini MS, Zarei F, Dastan N, Sami Jahromi S, Pourzargham P, Asgari Q (2020) The relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection in mothers and neonate\u2019s gender. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 35(22):4263\u20134267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2020.1849103","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"759_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-021-01447-1","volume":"46","author":"M Omidian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Omidian M, Asgari Q, Bahreini MS, Moshki S, Sedaghat B, Adnani Sadati SJ (2022) Acute toxoplasmosis can increase serum dopamine level. J Parasit Dis 46(2):337\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-021-01447-1","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"759_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x","volume":"55","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dubey JP (2008) The history of Toxoplasma gondii\u2014the first 100 years. J Eukaryot Microbiol 55(6):467\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"759_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00057","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00057-17","volume":"31","author":"IR Dunay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dunay IR, Gajurel K, Dhakal R, Liesenfeld O, Montoya JG (2018) Treatment of toxoplasmosis: historical perspective, animal models, and current clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev 31(4):e00057-e117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00057-17","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"759_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00491-4","volume":"67","author":"M Ghanadian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghanadian M, Khamesipour F, Hejazi SH, Razavi SM, Sadraei H, Namdar F (2022) In Vitro and In Vivo anti-toxoplasma activities of Dracocephalum kotschyi extract in experimental models of acute toxoplasmosis. Acta Parasitol 67(1):487\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-021-00491-4","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"759_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.52547\/armaghanj.24.1.31","volume":"24","author":"Q Asgari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asgari Q, Mikaali F, Ahmadi B, Bahraini MS (2019) In Vitro and In Vivo study of the effects of Lawsonia inermis on Toxoplasma gondii. Armaghane danesh 24(1):31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52547\/armaghanj.24.1.31","journal-title":"Armaghane danesh"},{"issue":"2","key":"759_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-020-00300-4","volume":"66","author":"K Cheraghipour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheraghipour K, Masoori L, Ezzatpour B, Roozbehani M, Sheikhian A, Malekara V, Niazi M, Mardanshah O, Moradpour K, Mahmoudvand H (2021) The experimental role of medicinal plants in treatment of Toxoplasma gondii infection: a systematic review. Acta Parasitol 66(2):303\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-020-00300-4","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"41","key":"759_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"M Azadbakht","year":"2003","unstructured":"Azadbakht M, Ramzani M (2003) Identification and determination of phenyl glycoside in the leaf of Pyrus boissieriana buhse by two methods of HPLC and spectrophotometery. J Maz Univ Med Sci 13(41):1\u20138","journal-title":"J Maz Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"759_CR9","first-page":"17","volume":"38","author":"K Browicz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Browicz K (1993) Conspect and chorology of the genus Pyrus L. Arboretum K\u00f3rnickie 38:17\u201333","journal-title":"Arboretum K\u00f3rnickie"},{"key":"759_CR10","unstructured":"Petricic J, Apostolski R, Srepel B (1981) The leaf of the wild pear-tree as an Arbutinic herb"},{"issue":"5","key":"759_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-827X(00)00049-5","volume":"55","author":"C Couteau","year":"2000","unstructured":"Couteau C, Coiffard LJ (2000) Photostability determination of arbutin, a vegetable whitening agent. II. Farmaco 55(5):410\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0014-827X(00)00049-5","journal-title":"Farmaco"},{"key":"759_CR12","unstructured":"Stambergova A, Supcikova M, Leifetova I (1985) Evaluation of phenolic substances in Arctostaphylos uva ursi, determination of arbutin, methylarbutin and hydroquinone in the leaves by HPLC, pp 179\u2013182"},{"issue":"2","key":"759_CR13","first-page":"953","volume":"13","author":"N Nabeel Yehya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nabeel Yehya N (2014) Identification of some cultivars of Pyrus communis L. planted in Mosul city using morpholgical and chemical characters. Coll Basic Educ Res J 13(2):953\u2013976","journal-title":"Coll Basic Educ Res J"},{"issue":"2","key":"759_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200600591253","volume":"44","author":"K G\u00fcven","year":"2006","unstructured":"G\u00fcven K, Y\u00fccel E, Cetinta\u015f F (2006) Antimicrobial activities of fruits of Crataegus. and Pyrus. species. Pharm Biol 44(2):79\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13880200600591253","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"759_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.29252\/sjnmp.1.1.48","volume":"1","author":"F Elahimanesh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elahimanesh F, Hassanzadeh D, Sayfzadeh N, Abdolmohammadi J, Abdolmohammadi J (2015) The effects of Pyrus Biossieriana Bushe leaf extract on the. S J Nurs Midwifery Paramed Fac 1(1):48\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29252\/sjnmp.1.1.48","journal-title":"S J Nurs Midwifery Paramed Fac"},{"issue":"18","key":"759_CR16","first-page":"122","volume":"5","author":"SM Nabavi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nabavi SM, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Fazelian M, Eslami B (2009) In Vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Diospyros lotus and Pyrus boissieriana growing in Iran. Pharmacog Mag 5(18):122\u2013126","journal-title":"Pharmacog Mag"},{"issue":"17","key":"759_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2010.529447","volume":"25","author":"P Alam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alam P, Alqasoumi S, Shakeel F, Abdel-Kader M (2011) HPTLC densitometric analysis of arbutin in bulk drug and methanolic extracts of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Nat Prod Res 25(17):1671\u20131675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14786419.2010.529447","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"759_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103245","volume":"74","author":"MS Bahreini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bahreini MS, Iraji A, Edraki N, Arab Monfared A, Asgari Q (2022) Synthesis and anti-Toxoplasma activity of indole-triazole compounds on tachyzoites of RH strain. Ann Med Surg 74:103245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103245","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"759_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-022-01511-4","volume":"46","author":"MS Bahreini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bahreini MS, Yazdi AR, Jowkar F, Motamedi M, Mikaeili F (2022) Cytotoxic screening and In Vitro effect of sodium chlorite against Leishmania major promastigotes. J Parasit Dis 46(4):945\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-022-01511-4","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"06","key":"759_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-959574","volume":"60","author":"A Bilia","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bilia A, Rubio MD, Alvarez ML, Morelli I, Gonzalez JM (1994) New benzyl alcohol glycosides from Pyrus bourgaeana. Planta Med 60(06):569\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2006-959574","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"759_CR21","first-page":"9","volume":"3","author":"M Azadbakht","year":"2004","unstructured":"Azadbakht M, Ramezani M, Marston A, Hostettmann K, Jahromi Moghaddam M (2004) Biological activity of leaf extract and phenolglycoside arbutin of pyrus boissieriana buhse. J Med Plant 3(10):9\u201314","journal-title":"J Med Plant"},{"issue":"1","key":"759_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00444-2","volume":"62","author":"S Jin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jin S, Sato N (2003) Benzoquinone, the substance essential for antibacterial activity in aqueous extracts from succulent young shoots of the pear Pyrus spp. Phytochemistry 62(1):101\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00444-2","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"759_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.05.015","volume":"13","author":"P Migas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Migas P, Krauze-Baranowska M (2015) The significance of arbutin and its derivatives in therapy and cosmetics. Phytochem Lett 13:35\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phytol.2015.05.015","journal-title":"Phytochem Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"759_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-14-53","volume":"14","author":"GM Busetto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Busetto GM, Giovannone R, Ferro M, Tricarico S, Del Giudice F, Matei DV, De Cobelli O, Gentile V, De Berardinis E (2014) Chronic bacterial prostatitis: efficacy of short-lasting antibiotic therapy with prulifloxacin (Unidrox\u00ae) in association with saw palmetto extract, lactobacillus sporogens and arbutin (Lactorepens\u00ae). BMC Urol 14(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2490-14-53","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"key":"759_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108729","volume":"112","author":"W Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao W, Wang S, Qin T, Wang W (2019) Arbutin attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury through regulation of microRNA-29a in retinal ganglion cells. Biomed Pharmacother 112:108729\u2013108729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108729","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"759_CR26","first-page":"369","volume":"92","author":"OS Adeyemi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adeyemi OS, Atolani O, Awakan OJ, Olaolu TD, Nwonuma CO, Alejolowo O, Otohinoyi DA, Rotimi D, Owolabi A, Batiha GE (2019) In Vitro screening to identify anti-Toxoplasma compounds and in silico modeling for bioactivities and toxicity. Yale J Biol Med 92(3):369\u2013383","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"759_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976355","volume":"22","author":"YH Jin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jin YH, Lee SJ, Chung MH, Park JH, Park YI, Cho TH, Lee SK (1999) Aloesin and arbutin inhibit tyrosinase activity in a synergistic manner via a different action mechanism. Arch Pharm Res 22(3):232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02976355","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"759_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2021.1931164","volume":"36","author":"A Bekier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bekier A, W\u0119gli\u0144ska L, Paneth A, Paneth P, Dzitko K (2021) 4-Arylthiosemicarbazide derivatives as a new class of tyrosinase inhibitors and anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 36(1):1145\u20131164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14756366.2021.1931164","journal-title":"J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-023-00759-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-023-00759-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-023-00759-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T14:26:28Z","timestamp":1712586388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-023-00759-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["759"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-023-00759-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The current study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (ethical code: IR.SUMS.MED.REC.1400.038).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and consent statement"}}]}}