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This is because the parasite consumes essential resources necessary for the host's survival, prompting hosts to adapt their behavior to maintain some level of fitness before parasite-induced mortality occurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the reproductive and biochemical parameters of\n                      <jats:italic>Biomphalaria alexandrina<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were examined during the cercareal shedding stage of infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively, compared with controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study revealed an infection rate of 34.7% for\n                      <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 30.4% for\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In\n                      <jats:italic>B. alexandrina<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected with\n                      <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a survival rate of 65.2% was recorded, along with a mean prepatent period of 30.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.41\u00a0days, a mean shedding duration of 14.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u00a0days, and a mean lifespan of 44.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.24\u00a0days. Meanwhile, in\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infected with\n                      <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a survival rate of 56.4% was observed, with a mean prepatent period of 44.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.41\u00a0days, a mean shedding duration of 22.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u00a0days, and a mean lifespan of 66.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6\u00a0days. Feeding increased in both infected species of snails, while the net reproductive rate (Ro) of the infected snails decreased. Total antioxidant (TAO) and lipid peroxidation activity increased in the two infected snail species during shedding, while Glutathione-\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      -transferase levels decreased. Lipid peroxidase activity and nitrogen oxide levels significantly decreased in infected\n                      <jats:italic>B. alexandrina<\/jats:italic>\n                      and increased in infected\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Steroid hormone levels were elevated in infected\n                      <jats:italic>Biomphalaria,<\/jats:italic>\n                      whereas they were reduced in infected\n                      <jats:italic>Bulinus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Comet assay parameters showed an increase in the two infected genera after infection compared to control snails, indicating genotoxic damage and histopathological damage was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings demonstrate that infection with larva species diverse biochemical, hormonal, genotoxic, and histopathological changes in the tissues responsible for fecundity and reproduction in\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>alexandrina<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>B. truncates<\/jats:italic>\n                      comparing with controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-023-00760-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T12:02:15Z","timestamp":1706788935000},"page":"648-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of Schistosoma sp., Infection on Biological, Feeding, Physiological, Histological, and Genotoxicological Aspects of Biomphalaria alexandrina and\u00a0Bulinus truncatus Snails"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9856-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hebat-Allah A.","family":"Dokmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olfat A.","family":"Hammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"760_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030811","volume":"11","author":"AM Ibrahim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ibrahim AM, Ghazy M, El-sayed H et al (2023) In silico molecular docking study of fungal-mediated selenium oxide nanoparticles on Biomphalaria alexandrina (Ehrenberg, 1831) snails. 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