{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:50:19Z","timestamp":1784735419422,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005642","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Sassari","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ascariasis caused by the helminth <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic> is the most common parasitosis of swine worldwide and it may involve all age categories of pigs. The present study reports an unusual localization of <jats:italic>A.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>suum<\/jats:italic> worms in the biliary system of a piglet slaughtered for human consumption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The liver was subjected to ultrasound scan and pathological examination. The isolated worms were morphologically examined and the DNA was extracted for the molecular identification of the species involved.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 43 preadult nematodes were found within the gallbladder and the bile ducts. Parasites were morphologically identified as belonging to the genus <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> and molecularly as <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic>. At gross examination, the liver was moderately enlarged, with the bile ducts severely dilated. A chronic inflammatory infiltrate was noted, often centered around ectatic bile ducts (up to 5\u00a0mm in diameter), lined by hyperplastic epithelium and filled with sections of nematodes. The worm sections showed smooth cuticle, coelomyarian musculature, and an intestinal tract lined by columnar, uninucleated cells within a pseudocoelom.\u00a0The ex vivo ultrasonographic examination of the liver allowed the visualization of several nematodes in the bile duct lumen and could be suggested for <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> diagnosis. Unfortunately, the absence of the intestine did not allow to define the pathogenesis of the infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although, given the unusual nature of this finding, it is difficult to identify predisposing factors for this <jats:italic>A. suum<\/jats:italic> localization, it suggests that ascariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pigs with hepatobiliary disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-024-00813-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T18:15:01Z","timestamp":1709230501000},"page":"785-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hepatobiliary Ascariasis in a Piglet"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Tamponi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Dess\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sardu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Corda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Pietro","family":"Burrai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6306-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Varcasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Scala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"813_CR1","volume-title":"Taylor disease of swine","author":"TB Stewart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stewart TB, Hoyt PG (2013) Internal parasites. In: Straw BE, Zimmerman JJ, D\u2019Allaire S, Taylor DJ (eds) Taylor disease of swine. Blakwell publishing, Oxoford"},{"key":"813_CR2","first-page":"414","volume-title":"Georgis\u2019 parasitology for veterinarians","author":"DD Bowman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bowman DD (1999) Georgis\u2019 parasitology for veterinarians. Saunders, London, p 414"},{"key":"813_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00048-X","volume":"29","author":"P Nansen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nansen P, Roepstorff A (1999) Parasitic helminths of the pig: factors influencing transmission and infection levels. Int J Parasitol 29:877\u2013891","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9732-x","volume":"43","author":"S Nissen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nissen S, Poulsen IH, Nejsum P, Olsen A, Roepstorff A, Rubaire-Akiiki C, Thamsborg SM (2011) Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in growing pigs in Kabale district in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 43:567\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-010-9732-x","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"813_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00062-9","volume":"73","author":"A Roepstorff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roepstorff A (1997) Helminth surveillance as a prerequisite for anthelmintic treatment in intensive sow herds. Vet Parasitol 73:139\u2013151","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004941","volume":"119","author":"A Roepstorff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Roepstorff A, Nilsson O, O\u2019Callaghan CJ, Oksanen A, Gjerde B, Richter SH et al (1999) Intestinal parasites in swine in the Nordic countries: multilevel modelling of Ascaris suum infections in relation to production factors. Parasitology 119:521\u2013534","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"813_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.029","volume":"180","author":"A Roepstorff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roepstorff A, Mejer H, Nejsum P, Thamsborg SM (2011) Helminth parasites in pigs: new challenges in pig production and current research highlights. Vet Parasitol 180:72\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.029","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.05.007","volume":"172","author":"J Boes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boes J, Kanora A, Havn KT, Christiansen S, Vestergaard-Nielsen K, Jacobs J, Alban L (2010) Effect of Ascaris suum infection on performance of fattening pigs. Vet Parasitol 172:269\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.05.007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.3.1142-1148.2005","volume":"43","author":"P Nejsum","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nejsum P, Parker ED, Frydenberg J, Roepstorff A, Boes J, Haque R et al (2005) Ascariasis is a zoonosis in Denmark. J Clin Microbiol 43:1142\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.43.3.1142-1148.2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"813_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.10.009","volume":"168","author":"J Haugegaard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haugegaard J (2010) Prevalence of nematodes in Danish industrialized sow farms with loose housed sows in dynamic groups. Vet Parasitol 168:156\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.10.009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR11","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Vallejo TB (1999) Endoparasitosis del porcino ib\u00e9rico en Extremadura (Espa\u00f1a): epidemiolog\u00eda y control. Tesis doctorales Universidad de Etremadura. Edita: Universidad de Extremadura Servicio de Publicaciones, C\u00e1ceres, Spain. http:\/\/www.pcid.es\/public.htm"},{"key":"813_CR12","unstructured":"Frontera-Carri\u00f3n EMF (2000) Repercusiones org\u00e1nicas de la infecci\u00f3n experimental por Ascaris suum en el cerdo ib\u00e9rico. Tesis doctorales Universidad de Etremadura. Edita: Universidad de Extremadura Servicio de Publicaciones, C\u00e1ceres, Spain. http:\/\/www.pcid.es\/public.htm"},{"key":"813_CR13","volume-title":"Veterinary Parasitology","author":"MA Taylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL (2007) Veterinary Parasitology, 3rd edn. Blackwell Publishing","edition":"3"},{"key":"813_CR14","volume-title":"The geohelminths: ascaris, trichuris and hookworm. world class parasites","author":"G Jungersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jungersen G (2002) Immunity and Immune Responses to Ascaris suum in Pigs. In: Holland CV, Kennedy MW (eds) The geohelminths: ascaris, trichuris and hookworm. world class parasites, vol 2. Springer, Boston"},{"key":"813_CR15","volume-title":"Veterinary Helmintology","author":"T Kassai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kassai T (1999) Veterinary Helmintology. Butler worth heinemann, Oxford"},{"key":"813_CR16","first-page":"439","volume-title":"Ascaris: the neglected parasite","author":"C Holland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Holland C (2013) Ascaris: the neglected parasite. Academic press, p 439"},{"key":"813_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1654\/1525-26472002069","volume":"69","author":"A Roepstorff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roepstorff A, Gr\u00f8nvold J, Larsen MN, Kraglund HO, Fagerholm HP (2002) The earthworm Lumbricus terrestris as a possible paratenic or intermediate host of the pig parasite Ascaris suum. Comp Parasitol 69:206\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1654\/1525-26472002069","journal-title":"Comp Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002011","volume":"141","author":"E Nichols","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nichols E, G\u00f3mez A (2014) Dung beetles and fecal helminth transmission: patterns, mechanisms and questions. Parasitology 141:614\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182013002011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"813_CR19","volume-title":"Ascaris suum in pigs: population biology and epidemiology","author":"A Roepstorff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roepstorff A (2003) Ascaris suum in pigs: population biology and epidemiology. Thesis, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, D.Sc"},{"key":"813_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.09.006","volume":"184","author":"D Knecht","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knecht D, Jankowska A, Zalesny G (2012) The impact of gastrointestinal parasites infection on slaughter efficiency in pigs. Vet Parasitol 184:291\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.09.006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014000328","volume":"141","author":"J Vlaminck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vlaminck J, Levecke B, Vercruysse J, Geldhof P (2014) Advances in the diagnosis of Ascaris suum infections in pigs and their possible applications in humans. Parasitology 141:1904\u20131911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182014000328","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"813_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00431-3","volume":"96","author":"A Joachim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joachim A, D\u00fclmer N, Daugschies A, Roepstorff A (2001) Occurrence of helminths in pig fattening units with different management systems in Northern Germany. Vet Parasitol 96:135\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00431-3","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(01)48008-0","volume":"48","author":"DWT Crompton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Crompton DWT (2001) Ascaris and ascariasis. Adv Parasitol 48:285\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-308X(01)48008-0","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR24","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Rodr\u00edguez J (2015) Evaluaci\u00f3n del estado sanitario del jabal\u00ed en la Sierra de Aracena (Huelva) y sus factores de riesgo asociados. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, Spain. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10803\/336665"},{"key":"813_CR25","unstructured":"Yamaguti S (1961) Systema Helminthum. Vol. III. The Nematodes of Vertebrates, Pt. II. Interscience Publishers, New York & London"},{"key":"813_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7519(98)00226-4","volume":"29","author":"X Zhu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhu X, Chilton NB, Jacobs DE, Boes J, Gasser RB (1999) Characterisation of Ascaris from human and pig hosts by nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Int J Parasitol 29:469\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0020-7519(98)00226-4","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"813_CR27","volume-title":"American registry of pathology (eds.)","author":"CH Gardiner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gardiner CH, Poynton SL (1999) An atlas of metazoan parasites in animal tissues. American registry of pathology (eds.). DC, Washington"},{"key":"813_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5931-6","volume":"117","author":"L Sadaow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sadaow L, Sanpool O, Phosuk I, Rodpai R, Thanchomnang T, Wijit A et al (2018) Molecular identification of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum recovered from humans and pigs in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Myanmar. Parasitol Res 117:2427\u20132436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-018-5931-6","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"813_CR29","first-page":"42","volume":"122","author":"C Prchal","year":"1953","unstructured":"Prchal C (1953) Postmortem condemnations resulting from migratory ascarids in hogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 122:42\u201344","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"813_CR30","first-page":"160","volume":"4","author":"A Srivastava","year":"1981","unstructured":"Srivastava A, Sharma D (1981) Studies on the occurrence, clinical features and pathomorphological aspects of ascariasis in buffalo calves. Vet Res J 4:160\u2013162","journal-title":"Vet Res J"},{"key":"813_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1087","volume":"9","author":"A Sazmand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sazmand A, Yavari M, Babaei M, Nourian A, Otranto D (2023) Biliary parascarosis in a foal. Vet Med Sci 9:1149\u20131153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1087","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"813_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2202.150686","volume":"22","author":"HL Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor HL, Spagnoli ST, Calcutt MJ, Kim DY (2016) Aberrant Ascaris suum nematode infection in cattle, Missouri, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 22:339\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2202.150686","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"813_CR33","unstructured":"Jansen J, Kouwenberg L, Peregrine AS (2010) Sheep livers condemned due to Ascaris suum. Ontario sheep news 29:27. https:\/\/www.ontariosheep.org\/uploads\/userfiles\/files\/Sheep-Livers.pdf"},{"key":"813_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3963-0","volume":"13","author":"Y Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie Y, Liu Y, Gu X, Zhou X, Peng X, He R, Guo H, Zuo Z, Yang G (2020) First report on aberrant Ascaris suum infection in a dog. China Parasit Vectors 13:86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-3963-0","journal-title":"China Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"813_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.132042","volume":"6","author":"AK Das","year":"2014","unstructured":"Das AK (2014) Hepatic and biliary ascariasis. J Glob Infect Dis 6:65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-777X.132042","journal-title":"J Glob Infect Dis"},{"key":"813_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00201-7","volume":"7","author":"ZS Pawlowski","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pawlowski ZS (1978) Ascariasis. Clin Gastroenterol 7:157\u2013178","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"813_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0b013e3181c47a2d","volume":"25","author":"S Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu S (2009) Sonographic findings of ascaris lumbricoides in the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts. Ultrasound Q 25:207\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RUQ.0b013e3181c47a2d","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"813_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06239-4","volume":"118","author":"A Corda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corda A, Tamponi C, Meloni R, Varcasia A, Pinna Parpaglia ML, Gomez-Ochoa P, Scala A (2019) Ultrasonography for early diagnosis of Toxocara canis infection in puppies. Parasitol Res 118:873\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06239-4","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"813_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12101252","volume":"12","author":"A Corda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corda A, Corda F, Secchi V, Pentcheva P, Tamponi C, Tilocca L, Varcasia A, Scala A (2022) Ultrasonography of parasitic diseases in domestic animals: a systematic review. Animals 12:1252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12101252","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"813_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)91013-4","volume":"93","author":"MS Khuroo","year":"1987","unstructured":"Khuroo MS, Zargar SA, Mahajan R et al (1987) Sonographic appearances in biliary ascariasis. Gastroenterology 93:267\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(87)91013-4","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00813-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00813-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00813-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T14:31:57Z","timestamp":1712586717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00813-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00813-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}