{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:06:34Z","timestamp":1764997594602,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-024-00817-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T06:02:20Z","timestamp":1709532140000},"page":"831-838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetic Diversity of Leishmania major Isolated from Different Dermal Lesions Using ITS2 Region"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Ruaa M.","family":"Khazal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9824-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Flaih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manar K.","family":"Kadhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khwam R.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"817_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2028-5","volume":"10","author":"D Steverding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steverding D (2017) The history of leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors 10(1):82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2028-5","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"12","key":"817_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001566","volume":"144","author":"COX Feg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feg COX (2017) The golden age of parasitology-1875\u20131925: the Scottish contributions. Parasitology [Internet] 144(12):1567\u20131581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182016001566","journal-title":"Parasitology [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"817_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28266","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28266","volume":"6","author":"JD Ram\u00edrez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez JD, Hern\u00e1ndez C, Le\u00f3n CM, Ayala MS, Fl\u00f3rez C, Gonz\u00e1lez C (2016) Taxonomy, diversity, temporal and geographical distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia: a retrospective study. Sci Rep [Internet] 6(1):28266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep28266","journal-title":"Sci Rep [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"817_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.08.051","volume":"73","author":"MZ Handler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Handler MZ, Patel PA, Kapila R, Al-Qubati Y, Schwartz RA (2015) Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: clinical perspectives. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet] 73(6):897\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.08.051","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet]"},{"issue":"670","key":"817_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00670","volume":"10","author":"A Dayakar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dayakar A, Chandrasekaran S, Kuchipudi SV, Kalangi SK (2019) Cytokines: key determinants of resistance or disease progression in visceral leishmaniasis\u202f: opportunities for novel diagnostics and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 10(670):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00670","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"817_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00011\/full","volume":"8","author":"MA Ghatee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghatee MA, Taylor WR, Karamian M (2020) The geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis causative agents in Iran and its neighboring countries, a review. Front Public Heal [Internet]. 8:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00011\/full","journal-title":"Front Public Heal [Internet]."},{"issue":"1","key":"817_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0700","DOI":"10.21123\/bsj.2021.18.1(Suppl.).0700","volume":"18","author":"MH Flaih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flaih MH, Al-Abady FA, Hussein KR (2021) Detection of leishmania tropica using nested-PCR and some of their virulence factors in Thi-Qar Province Iraq. Baghdad Sci J [Internet] 18(1):0700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21123\/bsj.2021.18.1(Suppl.).0700","journal-title":"Baghdad Sci J [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"817_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14762","volume":"59","author":"S Sabzevari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabzevari S, Mohebali M, Hashemi SA (2020) Mucosal and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran from 1968 to 2018: a narrative review of clinical features, treatments, and outcomes. Int J Dermatol [Internet] 59(5):606\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.14762","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"817_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007423","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007423","volume":"13","author":"MR Aflatoonian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aflatoonian MR, Sharifi I, Aflatoonian B, Bamorovat M, Heshmatkhah A, Babaei Z et al (2019) Associated-risk determinants for anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with meglumine antimoniate: a cohort study in Iran. Laouini D, editor. PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet] 13(6):e0007423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007423","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"817_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14002","volume":"57","author":"S Uzun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uzun S, G\u00fcrel MS, Durdu M, Akyol M, Fettahl\u0131o\u011flu Karaman B, Aksoy M et al (2018) Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkey. Int J Dermatol [Internet] 57(8):973\u2013982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.14002","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol [Internet]"},{"issue":"12","key":"817_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw742","volume":"63","author":"N Aronson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aronson N, Herwaldt BL, Libman M, Pearson R, Lopez-velez R, Weina P et al (2016) Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA) and the American society of tropical medicine and hygiene (ASTMH). Clin Infect Dis 63(12):1539\u20131557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw742","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"817_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2019.01.002","volume":"5","author":"A Bilgic-Temel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bilgic-Temel A, Murrell DF, Uzun S (2019) Cutaneous leishmaniasis: a neglected disfiguring disease for women. Int J Womens Dermatol 5(3):158\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijwd.2019.01.002","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"817_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0430","volume":"101","author":"S Kamink","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamink S, Abdi A, Kamau C, Ashraf S, Ansari MA, Qureshi NA et al (2019) Failure of an innovative low-cost, noninvasive thermotherapy device for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania tropica in Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101(6):1373\u20131379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0430","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"817_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.2071","volume":"17","author":"N Beldi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beldi N, Mansouri R, Bettaieb J, Yaacoub A, Omrani HS, Aoun YSB et al (2017) Molecular characterization of leishmania parasites in giemsa-stained slides from cases of human. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 17(6):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2016.2071","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"817_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002130","volume":"7","author":"P Olliaro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olliaro P, Vaillant M, Arana B, Grogl M, Modabber F, Magill A et al (2013) Methodology of clinical trials aimed at assessing interventions for cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(3):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002130","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"817_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007981","volume":"41","author":"LE Mesa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mesa LE, Manrique R, Muskus C, Robledo SM (2020) Test accuracy of polymerase chain reaction methods against conventional diagnostic techniques for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in patients with clinical or epidemiological suspicion of CL: Systematic review and meta- analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 41(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007981","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"817_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.07.021","volume":"19","author":"A Oryan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oryan A, Shirian S, Tabandeh M, Hatam G, Randau G, Daneshbod Y (2013) Genetic diversity of Leishmania major strains isolated from different clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Iran based on minicircle kDNA. Infect Genet Evol [Internet] 19:226\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.07.021","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol [Internet]"},{"key":"817_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.11.012","volume":"57","author":"M Akhoundi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akhoundi M, Downing T, Vot\u00fdpka J, Kuhls K, Luke\u0161 J, Cannet A et al (2017) Leishmania infections: molecular targets and diagnosis. Mol Aspects Med [Internet] 57:1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2016.11.012","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med [Internet]"},{"key":"817_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6041-1","volume":"117","author":"MA Ghatee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghatee MA, Mirhendi H, Karamian M, Taylor WR, Sharifi I (2018) Population structures of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica the causative agents of kala-azar in Southwest Iran. Parasitol Res 117:3447\u20133458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-018-6041-1","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"41","key":"817_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.031","volume":"2016","author":"M Fakhar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fakhar M, Ghohe H, Rasool S, Karamian M, Mohid A, Hezarjaribi H et al (2016) Infection, genetics and evolution genetic diversity of Leishmania tropica strains isolated from clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural districts of Herat province, Western Afghanistan, based on ITS1-rDNA. Infect Genet Evol [Internet] 2016(41):120\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.031","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol [Internet]"},{"key":"817_CR21","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Current and emerging technologies in microbial diagnostics","author":"BS Pritt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pritt BS (2015) Molecular diagnostics in the diagnosis of parasitic infection [Internet]. Current and emerging technologies in microbial diagnostics, 1st edn. Elsevier Ltd., pp 1\u201350","edition":"1"},{"issue":"57","key":"817_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2002-2","volume":"10","author":"A Albuquerque","year":"2017","unstructured":"Albuquerque A, Campino L, Cardoso L, Cortes S (2017) Evaluation of four molecular methods to detect Leishmania infection in dogs. Parasit Vectors 10(57):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-017-2002-2","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"817_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-016-0772-7","volume":"41","author":"A Kermanjani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kermanjani A, Akhlaghi L, Oormazdi H, Hadighi R (2017) Isolation and identification of cutaneous leishmaniasis species by PCR \u2013 RFLP in Ilam province, the west of Iran. J parasit Dis 41(1):175\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-016-0772-7","journal-title":"J parasit Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"817_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2018.1447836","volume":"112","author":"M Ramezany","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramezany M, Sharifi I, Babaei Z, Ghasemi P, Almani N, Heshmatkhah A et al (2018) Geographical distribution and molecular characterization for cutaneous leishmaniasis species by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of kDNA and ITS1 loci markers in south-eastern Iran. Pathog Glob Health 112(3):132\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20477724.2018.1447836","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"817_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1700","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001700","volume":"6","author":"A Amro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amro A, Gashout A, Al-Dwibe H, Zahangir Alam M, Annajar B, Hamarsheh O et al (2012) First molecular epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya. Ozcel MA, editor. PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet] 6(6):e1700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001700","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]"},{"key":"817_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101696","volume":"78","author":"MH Flaih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flaih MH, Al-Abady FA, Hussein KR (2021) Phylogenetic analysis of kinetoplast DNA: kDNA of Leishmania tropica in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis [Internet] 78:101696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101696","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"817_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.145587","volume":"5","author":"F Abdolmajid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdolmajid F, Ghodratollah S, Hushang R, Mojtaba M, Abdolghayoum M, Abdolmajid F, Ali M (2015) Identification of Leishmania species by kinetoplast DNA-polymerase chain reaction for the first time in Khaf district, Khorasan-e-Razavi province. Iran. Trop Parasitol [Internet] 5(1):50","journal-title":"Iran. Trop Parasitol [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"817_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2016.136.142","volume":"19","author":"H Ghasemloo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghasemloo H, Rasti S, Delavari M, Doroodgar A (2016) Molecular diagnosis of clinical isolates of cutaneous leishmaniasis using ITS1 and KDNA genes and genetic polymorphism of leishmania in Kashan. Iran Pak J Biol Sci [Internet] 19(3):136\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/pjbs.2016.136.142","journal-title":"Iran Pak J Biol Sci [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"817_CR29","first-page":"209","volume":"41","author":"B Sarkari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarkari B, Ahmadpour NB, Motazedian MH, Mirjalali H, Akhoundi M, Mohebali M et al (2016) Inter- and intraspecific variations of leishmania strains isolated from patients with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases in Fars Province, South of Iran. Iran J Med Sci 41(3):209\u2013216","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"817_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.32885","volume":"9","author":"S Izadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Izadi S, Mirhendi H, Jalalizand N, Khodadadi H, Mohebali M, Nekoeian S et al (2016) Molecular epidemiological survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis in two highly endemic metropolises of Iran, application of FTA cards for DNA extraction from giemsa-stained slides. Jundishapur J Microbiol 9(2):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/jjm.32885","journal-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"817_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02936-13","volume":"52","author":"GV Auwera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Auwera GV, Ravel C, Verweij JJ, Bart A, Sch\u00f6nian G, Felger I (2014) Evaluation of four single-locus markers for leishmania species discrimination by sequencing. Doern G V., editor. J Clin Microbiol [Internet] 52(4):1098\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.02936-13","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol [Internet]"},{"issue":"3","key":"817_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006255","volume":"12","author":"MMM Al-bajalan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-bajalan MMM, Al-jaf SMA, Niranji SS, Abdulkareem DR, Al-kayali KK, Kato H (2018) An outbreak of Leishmania major from an endemic to a non-endemic region posed a public health threat in Iraq from 2014\u20132017: Epidemiological, molecular and phylogenetic studies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12(3):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006255","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00817-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00817-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00817-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T14:33:11Z","timestamp":1712586791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00817-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00817-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1230-2821"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1896-1851"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}