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These diseases are of major public health concern and can have huge economic and health burdens in prevalent countries. Although populations of this important mosquito species have been detected in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of T\u00fcrkiye; little is known about its population structure. Our study is to examine the population genetics and genetic composition of <jats:italic>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes collected from several localities using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes (ND5). This is the first extensive study of <jats:italic>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic> in the mainland T\u00fcrkiye with sampling spanning many of provinces.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, DNA extraction, amplification of mitochondrial COI and ND5 genes and population genetic analyses were performed on ten geographic populations of <jats:italic>Culex tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic> in the Aegean and Mediterranean region of T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Between 2019 and 2020, 96 samples were collected from 10 geographic populations in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions; they were molecularly analyzed and 139 sequences (50 sequence for COI and 89 sequence for ND5) were used to determine the population structure and genetic diversity. For ND5 gene region, the samples produced 24 haplotypes derived from 15 variable sites and for COI gene region, 43 haplotypes were derived from 17 variable sites. The haplotype for both gene regions was higher than nucleotide diversity. Haplotype phylogeny revealed two groups present in all populations. AMOVA test results show that the geographical populations were the same for all gene regions. Results suggest that <jats:italic>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic> is a native population in T\u00fcrkiye, the species is progressing towards speciation and there is no genetic differentiation between provinces and regions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study provides useful information on the molecular identifcation and genetic diversity of <jats:italic>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus;<\/jats:italic> these results are important to improve mosquito control programs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-024-00844-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T07:02:14Z","timestamp":1712646134000},"page":"1157-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Population Genetics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) in T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3559-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Bursali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-0296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih Mehmet","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"844_CR1","unstructured":"Harbach RE (2016) Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. http:\/\/mosquito-taxon omic-inventory.info"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"844_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.06.005","volume":"120","author":"RE Harbach","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harbach RE (2011) Classification within the cosmopolitan genus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae): the foundation for molecular systematics and phylogenetic research. 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