{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:09:13Z","timestamp":1772770153934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aydin Adnan Menderes University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the anticoccidial effects of betaine and a vaccine compared to monensin sodium in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>600\u00a0day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to five groups, each with four replicates of 30 birds. While the control group received a basal diet, two experimental groups received basal diet supplemented with either 100\u00a0mg\/kg monensin sodium or 2.0\u00a0g\/kg betaine. The remaining experimental groups received a commercial coccidiosis vaccine alone or in combination with betaine. All chickens were challenged with sporulated field-mixed <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic> species at 20 days of age.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Throughout the study, vaccinated birds showed superior performance in terms of body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to other anticoccidial treatments (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), followed by betaine, vaccine\u2009+\u2009betaine, and monensin treatments in descending order. While all anticoccidial regimens significantly reduced fecal oocyst output only at the beginning of the observation period, this effect diminished thereafter (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Supplementation with monensin and vaccination against coccidiosis significantly decreased small intestine weight compared to untreated controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), with a numerical decrease observed in chicks fed betaine-supplemented diets and treated with the combination of betaine and vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Notably, there has been no prior study comparing betaine with monensin sodium and a coccidiosis vaccine. These findings suggest that dietary betaine supplementation and a commercial coccidiosis vaccine containing mixed <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic> spp. may offer benefits in controlling coccidiosis, presenting viable, cost-effective, sustainable, and safe alternatives to conventional ionophore anticoccidials, with added benefits of no residue and reduced resistance hazards for both animal and human consumption.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-024-00967-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T13:51:23Z","timestamp":1737726683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of Betaine and Vaccine Efficacy for Coccidiosis Prevention in Broilers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7219-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asude Gulce","family":"Oryasin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"967_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.5.1.143","volume":"1","author":"RA Dalloul","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dalloul RA, Lillehoj HS (2006) Poultry coccidiosis: recent advancements in control measures and vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 1:143\u2013163","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"967_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020215","volume":"10","author":"Y Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee Y, Lu M, Lillehoj H (2022) Coccidiosis: recent progress in host immunity and Alternatives to Antibiotic Strategies. Vaccines 10(2):215","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"4","key":"967_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101746","volume":"101","author":"J Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor J, Walk C, Misiura M, Sorbara JB, Giannenas I, Kyriazakis I (2022) Quantifying the effect of coccidiosis on broiler performance and infection outcomes in the presence and absence of control methods. Poult Sci 101(4):101746","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"967_CR4","first-page":"34","volume":"13","author":"FMF Hayajneh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hayajneh FMF, Abdelqader A, Zakaria H, Abuajamieh M, Araj SA (2024) Drug Resistance and Coccidiosis affects on immunity, performance, blood micronutrients, and Intestinal Integrity in broiler chickens. Int J Vet Sci 13(1):34\u201341","journal-title":"Int J Vet Sci"},{"key":"967_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00837-2","volume":"51","author":"DP Blake","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blake DP, Knox J, Dehaeck B, Huntington B, Rathinam T, Ravipati V, Ayoade S, Gilbert W, Adebambo AO, Jatau ID, Raman M, Parker D, Rushton J, Tomley FM (2020) Re\u2013calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Vet Res 51:115","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"967_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2024.2336091","volume":"53","author":"A Rahmani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahmani A, Ahmed Laloui H, Kara R, Dems MA, Cherb N, Klikha A, Blake DP (2024) The financial cost of coccidiosis in Algerian chicken production: a major challenge for the poultry sector. Avian Pathology: J W V P A 53(5):368\u2013379","journal-title":"Avian Pathology: J W V P A"},{"key":"967_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.02.194","volume":"53","author":"E Baba","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baba E, Wakeshima H, Kazunori F, Fukata T, Arakawa A (1992) Adhesion of bacteria to the caecal mucosal surface of conventional and germ-free chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Am J Vet Res 53:194\u2013197","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"967_CR8","first-page":"336","volume":"44","author":"SM Rashid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rashid SM, Shnawa BH (2024) Prevalence, Morphometric, genomic and histopathological studies in backyard chickens coccidiosis in Soran City, Erbil-Iraq. Pak Vet J 44(2):336\u2013343","journal-title":"Pak Vet J"},{"key":"967_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hussain K, Abbas A, Rehman A, Waqas MU, Ahmad B, Mughal MAS, Raza MA (2024) Evaluating Linum usitatissimum seeds extract as potential alternative biochemical and therapeutic Agent Against Induced coccidiosis in Broiler Chicken. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9775\/kvfd.2024.32618","DOI":"10.9775\/kvfd.2024.32618"},{"key":"967_CR10","unstructured":"Al-Hoshani N, Al Syaad KM, Saeed Z, Kanchev K, Khan JA, Raza MA, Atif FA (2023) Anticoccidial activity of Star Anise (Illicium verum) essential oil in Broiler Chicks. Pakistan Veterinary J, 43(3)"},{"key":"967_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/80.5.572","volume":"80","author":"HD Chapman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chapman HD (2001) Use of anticoccidial drugs in broiler chickens in the USA: analysis for the years 1995 to 1999. Poult Sci 80:572\u2013580","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapman HD, Cherry TE, Danforth HD, Richards G, Shirley MW, Williams RB (2014) Sustainable coccidiosis control in poultry production: the role of live vaccines, International Journal for Parasitology, 2002, 32, 617\u2013629.Chapman HD. Milestones in avian coccidiosis research: A review. Poultry Science. 93, 501\u2013511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00362-9"},{"key":"967_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459994317","volume":"28","author":"HD Chapman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chapman HD (1999) Anticoccidial drugs and their effects upon the development of immunity to Eimeria infections in poultry. Avian Pathol 28:521\u2013535","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"967_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933912000268","volume":"68","author":"RZ Abbas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abbas RZ, Colwell DD, Gilleard J (2012) Botanicals: an alternative approach fort he control of avian coccidiosis. World\u2019s Poult Sci J 68:203\u2013215","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult Sci J"},{"key":"967_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peek HW, Landman WJ (2011) Coccidiosis in poultry: anticoccidial products, vaccines and other prevention strategies. Veterinary Quarterly 31(3):143\u2013161","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2011.605247"},{"key":"967_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03368","volume":"93","author":"M Bozkurt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bozkurt M, Aysul N, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcky\u0131lmaz K, Aypak S, Ege G, \u00c7atl\u0131 AU, Ak\u015fit H, \u00c7\u00f6ven F, Seyrek K, \u00c7\u0131nar M (2014) Efficacy of in-feed preparations of an anticoccidial, multienzyme, prebiotic, probiotic, and herbal essential oil mixture in healthy and Eimeria spp. infected broilers. Poult Sci 93:389\u2013399","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"967_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey158","volume":"97","author":"RM Tonda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tonda RM, Rubach JK, Lumpkins BS, Mathis GF, Poss MJ (2018) Effects of tannic acid extract on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens following coccidiosis vaccination and\/or a mixed-species Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 97(9):3031\u20133042","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"967_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey552","volume":"98","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X, Peebles ED, Kiess AS, Wamsley KGS, Zhai W (2019) Effects of coccidial vaccination and dietary antimicrobial alternatives on the growth performance, internal organ development, and intestinal morphology of Eimeria-challenged male broilers. Poult Sci 98(5):2054\u20132065","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"967_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2024.2342882","volume":"53","author":"N Hezil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hezil N, Baazize-Ammi D, Abdelli A, Adel A, Kebbal S, Gharbi I, Djezzar R, Guetarni D (2024) Effects of Artemisia absinthium on broiler chicken coccidiosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Avian Pathology:Journal W V P A 53(5):350\u2013358","journal-title":"Avian Pathology:Journal W V P A"},{"key":"967_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450220148988","volume":"31","author":"RB Williams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Williams RB (2002) Anticoccidial vaccines for broiler chickens: pathway to success. Avian Pathol 31:317\u2013353","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"967_CR21","first-page":"795","volume":"5","author":"Z Karaer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karaer Z, P\u0131nar Z, Kar S, G\u00fcven E, \u00c7akmak A, Nalbanto\u011flu S, Ko\u00e7ak A, Al\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r G, Emre Z (2009) Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 5:795\u2013800Kanatl\u0131 coccidiosisine kar\u015f\u0131 oocystlerin irradiye edilmesi esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimi I-Tavuk coccidiosisinde altl\u0131klardaki d\u0131\u015fk\u0131larda bulunan oocystlerin kantitatif olarak belirlenmesi ve sporland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"967_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2010.506908","volume":"51","author":"RJ Wallace","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wallace RJ, Oleszek W, Franz C, Hahn I, Baser KHC, Mathe A (2010) Teichmann, K. Dietary plant bioactives for poultry health and productivity. Br Poult Sci 51:461\u2013487","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"967_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-023-01627-1","volume":"47","author":"SA Ghafouri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghafouri SA, Ghaniei A, Sadr S, Amiri AA, Tamannaei T, Charbgoo AE, Ghiassi A, S., Dianat B (2023) Anticoccidial effects of tannin-based herbal formulation (Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium sativum) against coccidiosis in broilers. J Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ Indian Soc Parasitol 47(4):820\u2013828","journal-title":"J Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ Indian Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"967_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2307\/1592766","volume":"43","author":"PC Augustine","year":"1999","unstructured":"Augustine PC, Danforth HD (1999) Influence of betaine and salinomycin on intestinal absorption of methionine and glucose and on the ultrastructure of intestinal cells and parasite development stages in chicks infected with Eimeria acervulina. Avian Dis 43:89\u201397","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"19","key":"967_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192624","volume":"12","author":"WA Abd El-Ghany","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abd El-Ghany WA, Babazadeh D (2022) Betaine: a potential nutritional metabolite in the Poultry Industry. Animals: Open Access J MDPI 12(19):2624","journal-title":"Animals: Open Access J MDPI"},{"issue":"3","key":"967_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2021.2008313","volume":"63","author":"M Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang M, Chen R, Song YD, Zhou YM, Liu Q, Zhuang S (2022) Effects of dietary betaine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, muscle fatty acid composition and antioxidant ability in slow-growing broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 63(3):351\u2013359","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192624","volume":"12","author":"WAA El-Ghany","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Ghany WAA, Babazadeh D (2022) Betaine: a potential nutritional metabolite in the Poultry Industry. Animals 12:2624","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"6","key":"967_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2013.849795","volume":"54","author":"M Bozkurt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bozkurt M, Giannenas I, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckyilmaz K, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P (2013) An update on approaches to controlling coccidia in poultry using botanical extracts 2013. Br Poult Sci 54(6):713\u2013727","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(70)90073-1","volume":"28","author":"JN Hodgson","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hodgson JN (1970) Coccidiosis: Oocyst counting technique for coccidiostat evaluation. Exp Parasitol 28:99\u2013102","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"967_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(70)90063-9","volume":"28","author":"J Johnson","year":"1970","unstructured":"Johnson J, Reid WM (1970) Anticoccidial drugs: lesion scoring techniques in battery and floor-pen experiments with chickens. Experimental Parasitol 28:30\u201336","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"967_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-024-04209-2","volume":"56","author":"R Urtecho-Novelo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Urtecho-Novelo R, Santos-Ricalde R, Sarmiento-Franco L, Torres-Acosta JF, Borges-\u00c1rgaez R (2024) Effect of ethanol extract from Enterolobium cyclocarpum fruit on Leghorn chickens exposed to Eimeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 56(8):369","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"967_CR32","unstructured":"Institute SAS (2001) Statistical analysis System user\u2019s guide. Version 8 ed. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC,"},{"key":"967_CR33","unstructured":"McDougald LR, Coccidiosis. Diseases of Poultry, 10th edition, Ed: BW, Calnek HJ, Barnes CW, Beard LR, McDougald YM, Saif (1997) Iowa State University Press, Ames. 865\u2013912"},{"key":"967_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/0003942031000107299","volume":"57","author":"I Giannenas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Giannenas I, Florou-Paneri P, Papazahariadou M, Christaki E, Botsoglou NA, Spais AB (2003) Effect dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. Arch Anim Nutr 57:99\u2013106","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr"},{"key":"967_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.02.017","volume":"188","author":"I Giannenas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giannenas I, Papadopoulos E, Tsalie E, Triantafillou E, Henik S, Teichmann K, Tontis D (2012) Assessment of dietary supplementation with probiotics, on performance, and intestinal morphology and microflora of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Vet Parasitol 188:31\u201340","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"967_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2014.899430","volume":"43","author":"I Giannenas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giannenas I, Tsalie E, Triantafillou E, Hessenberger S, Teich-mann K, Mohnl M, Tontis D (2014) Assessment of probiotics supplementation via feed or water on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and microflora of chickens after experimental infection with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. Avian Pathol 43:209\u2013216","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"967_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.7.1014","volume":"76","author":"JO Matthews","year":"1997","unstructured":"Matthews JO, Ward TL, Southern LL (1997) Interactive effects of Betaine and Monensin in Uninfected and Eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. Poult Sci 76:1014\u20131019","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR38","unstructured":"Silverside FG, Remus J (1999) Betain improves performance of coccidia-challenged birds. World Poultry. No. Special, pp 37\u201338"},{"key":"967_CR39","first-page":"12","volume":"3","author":"E Virtanen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Virtanen E (1995) Piecing together the betaine puzzle. Feed Mix 3:12\u201317","journal-title":"Feed Mix"},{"key":"967_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00410-X","volume":"130","author":"H Kettunen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kettunen H, Tiihonen K, Peuranen S, Saarinen MT, Remus JC (2001) Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal tissue and stabilizes the intestinal epithelial structure in healthy and coccidia-infected broiler chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A: Mol Integr Physiol 130:759\u2013769","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A: Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"967_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"K K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcky\u0131lmaz","year":"2012","unstructured":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcky\u0131lmaz K, Bozkurt M, Selek N, G\u00fcven E, Eren H, Atasever A, Binta\u015f E, \u00c7atl\u0131 AU, \u00c7\u0131nar M (2012) Effects of vaccination against coccidiosis, with and without a specific herbal essential oil blend, on performance, oocyst excretion and serum IBD titers of broilers reared on litter. Italian J Anim Sci 11:1","journal-title":"Italian J Anim Sci"},{"key":"967_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0864-z","volume":"90","author":"RH Fetterer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fetterer RH, Augustine PC, Allen PC (2003) The effect of dietary betaine on intestinal and plasma levels of betaine in uninfected and coccidia-infected broiler chicks. Parasitol Res 90:343\u2013348","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"967_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2307\/1591658","volume":"37","author":"PC Augustine","year":"1993","unstructured":"Augustine PC, Danforth HD, Jenkins MC (1993) Avian eimeria: effects of gamma irradiation on development of cross-species immunity in foreign and natural host birds. Avian Dis 37:349\u2013357","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"967_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2012.699673","volume":"53","author":"M Bozkurt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bozkurt M, Selek N, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckyilmaz K, Eren H, G\u00fcven E, \u00c7atli AU, \u00c7inar M (2012) Effects of dietary supplementation with a herbal extract on the performance of broilers infected with a mixture of Eimeria species. Br Poult Sci 53:325\u2013332","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2004006","volume":"53","author":"E Christaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P, Giannenas I, Papazahariadou M, Botsoglou NA, Spais AB (2004) Effect of mixture of herbal exctracts on broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Anim Res 53:137\u2013144","journal-title":"Anim Res"},{"key":"967_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.5.854","volume":"85","author":"EO Oviedo-Rondon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oviedo-Rondon EO, Hume ME, Hernandez C, Clemente-Hernandez S (2006) Intestinal microbial ecology of broilers vaccinated and challenged with mixed Eimeria species, and supplemented with essential oil blends. Poult Sci 85:854\u2013860","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR47","first-page":"6","volume":"21","author":"CC Garcia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garcia CC, Bolis D (2005) Nutrition is a key building block of successful drug-free broiler production. World Poult 21:6\u20137","journal-title":"World Poult"},{"issue":"4","key":"967_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev022","volume":"94","author":"AM Amerah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amerah AM, Ravindran V (2015) Effect of coccidia challenge and natural betaine supplementation on performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal lesion scores of broiler chickens fed suboptimal level of dietary methionine. Poult Sci 94(4):673\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps\/pev022Epub 2015 Feb 17. PMID: 25691757; PMCID: PMC4990982","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.6.1308","volume":"152","author":"ST Chambers","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chambers ST, Kunin CM (1985) Osmoprotective properties of urine for bacteria: the protective effect of betaine and human urine against low pH and high concentrations of electrolytes, sugars and urea. J Infect Dis 152:1308\u20131315","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"967_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2820069","volume":"282","author":"PG Petronini","year":"1992","unstructured":"Petronini PG, DeAngelis EM, Borghetti P, Borghetti AF (1992) Modulation by betaine of cellular responses to osmotic stress. Biochem J 282:69\u201373","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"967_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.4.669","volume":"83","author":"P Mitsch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mitsch P, Zitter-Eglseer K, K\u00f6hler B, Gabler C, Rosa R, Zimpernik I (2004) The effect of two different blends of essential oil components on the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 83:669\u2013675","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/67752\/2003","volume":"12","author":"D Jamroz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jamroz D, Orda J, Kamel C, Wiliczkiewicz A, Wertelecki T, Skorupinska J (2003) The influence of phytogenetic extracts on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbial status in broiler chickens. J Anim Feed Sci 12:583\u2013596","journal-title":"J Anim Feed Sci"},{"key":"967_CR53","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Control of coccidiosis: Chemotherapy, Coccidiosis of Man and domestic animals. P. L. Long Ed","author":"LR McDougald","year":"1990","unstructured":"McDougald LR (1990) Control of coccidiosis: Chemotherapy, Coccidiosis of Man and domestic animals. P. L. Long Ed. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp 307\u2013320"},{"key":"967_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1982.43.03.507","volume":"43","author":"MD Ruff","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ruff MD, Edgar SA (1982) Reduced intestinal absorption in broilers during Eimeria mitis infection. Am J Vet Res 43:507\u2013509","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"967_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.4.C1085","volume":"271","author":"C Amat","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amat C, Planas JM, Moreto M (1996) Kinetics of hexose uptake by the small and large intestines of the chicken. Am J Physiol 271:1085\u20131089","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"967_CR56","first-page":"974","volume-title":"Coccidiosis. Poultry diseases. Y. M","author":"LR McDougald","year":"2003","unstructured":"McDougald LR (2003) In: Saif HJ, Barnes AM, Fadly JR, Glisson LR, McDougald, Swayne DE (eds) Coccidiosis. Poultry diseases. Y. M. Iowa State, Iowa, USA, pp 974\u2013991"},{"key":"967_CR57","first-page":"44","volume":"8","author":"G Girgis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Girgis G (2007) Coccidiosis: a field problem with many aspects to consider. World Poult 8:23, 44\u201345","journal-title":"World Poult"},{"key":"967_CR58","unstructured":"Joyner LP (1978) The identification and diagnosis of avian coccidiosis. In: Symposium PL Long K. N. Boorman, Freeman B. M., editors. Avian Coccidiosis. Proc. 13th Poult. Sci. Edinburgh, UK, British Poultry Science Ltd. 29\u201349"},{"key":"967_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.009025","volume":"47","author":"SH Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee SH, Lillehoj HS, Jang SI, Kim DK, Ionescu C, Bravo D (2010) Effect of dietary curcuma, capsicum, and lentinus on enhancing local immunity against Eimeria acervulina infection. J Poult Sci 47:89\u201395","journal-title":"J Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR60","first-page":"149","volume":"75","author":"E Virtanen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Virtanen E, Remus J, Rosi L, McNaughton J, Augustine P (1996) The effect of betaine and salinomycin during coccidiosis in broilers. Poult Sci 75:149","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0750154","volume":"75","author":"NG Zimmermann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zimmermann NG, Twining P, Harter-Dennis J, Fitz-Coy S (1996) Betaine as a methionine substitute and coccidial deterrent in broilers. Poult Sci 75:154","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.2.321","volume":"76","author":"JB Schutte","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schutte JB, Jong DE, Smink JW, Pack M (1997) Replacement value of betaine for DLmethionine in male broiler chicks. Poult Sci 76:321\u2013325","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR63","unstructured":"Virtanen E, McNaughton J, Rosi L, Hall D (1993) Effects of betaine supplementation on intestinal lesions, mortality and performance of coccidia-challenged broiler chicks. Proceedings of the 9th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Jelenia Gora, Poland. 433\u2013436"},{"key":"967_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.6.802","volume":"76","author":"PC Augustine","year":"1997","unstructured":"Augustine PC, McNaughton JL, Virtanen E, Rosi L (1997) Effect of betaine on the growth performance of chicks inoculated with mixed cultures of avian Eimeria species and on invasion and development of Eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina in vitro and in vivo. Poult Sci 76:802\u2013809","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"967_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.8.2274","volume":"132","author":"KC Klasing","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klasing KC, Adler KL, Remus JC, Calvert CC (2002) Dietary betaine increase intraepithelial lymphocytes in the duodenum of coccidia infected chicks and increase functional properties of phagocytes. J Nutr 132:2274\u20132282","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"967_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javanmiri E, Rahimi S, Torshizi MAK, Nabiyan S, Behnamifar A, Grimes J (2024) Comparison of the effect of anticoccidial drug, probiotic, synbiotic, phytochemicals and vaccine in prevention and control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. Poult Sci 103(12):04357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104357"},{"issue":"1","key":"967_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06409-z","volume":"17","author":"T Geng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Geng T, Ruan X, Xie Y, Shen B, Fang R, Zhao J, Zhou Y (2024) Anticoccidial activity of a botanical natural product based on eucalyptus, apigenin and eugenol against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens. Parasites Vectors 17(1):327","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"967_CR68","first-page":"266","volume":"13","author":"AM Hailat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hailat AM, Abdelqader AM, Gharaibeh MH (2023) Efficacy of Phyto-Genic products to control field coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Int J Veterinary Sci 13(3):266\u2013272","journal-title":"Int J Veterinary Sci"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00967-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00967-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00967-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:24:51Z","timestamp":1741350291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00967-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-024-00967-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All prosedures involving animals were in compliance with the European Community Council Directive of 24 November 1986, and ethical approval was granted by the Aydin Adnan Menderes University Ethics Committee (64583101\/2013\/110, Aydin, Turkey).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"25"}}