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They are the causative agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and can harbor many microorganisms. We studied the presence of <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp. in the water system of a hemodialysis unit and assessed the potential for transmission to hemodialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Water samples collected from pretreatment and posttreatment water of the treatment station and from input and output water of the dialysis machines were cultured on non-nutrient agar supplemented with <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Blood samples from dialysis patients in the unit and from a control group in the same hospital were tested for anti-<jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp. were found in posttreatment water. They were more commonly found in the input water samples (79.2%), than in the output water samples (16.7%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Anti-<jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies were present in 32.9% of patients and were absent in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). The duration of hemodialysis was significantly longer in seropositive patients than in seronegative patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study highlights the presence of <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp. in the dialysis system. The relatively high prevalence of anti-<jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies and the link between dialysis duration and seropositivity emphasize the importance of rigorous water monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-025-00992-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T14:23:15Z","timestamp":1738938195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acanthamoeba spp. in Dialysis Water: Assessing the Potential Risk of Transmission to Hemodialysis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Mona Mohamed","family":"Tolba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heba","family":"Elhadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaban Hassan","family":"Abu Kabsha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nesma Seyam","family":"El-Kady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safia Saleh","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira Hussein","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5152-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hend Aly","family":"El-Taweel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"992_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0022821","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00228-21","volume":"60","author":"A Kofman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kofman A, Guarner J (2022) Infections caused by Free-Living Amoebae. 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