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In in vivo studies, golden hamsters were infected intraportally with <jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic> trophozoites and orally treated with the <jats:italic>C. papaya<\/jats:italic> aqueous extracts for 7 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 8, and the development of ALA was recorded. Comparisons were made against metronidazole (MTZ).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Both extracts statistically reduced trophozoite viability at 24\u00a0h in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Pcc-KETc7-AE showed activity to the same extent as MTZ (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 36.08\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml vs. 33.54\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml, respectively), whereas Pcc-WT-AE exhibited less efficient but significant activity (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 113.4\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml). Cell death analysis indicated that both extracts killed trophozoites by necrosis. In vivo studies showed that oral treatment with Pcc-WT-AE (4 and 8\u00a0mg\/dose\/hamster) completely prevented ALA development in 80% of animals, comparable to the effect of MTZ. In contrast, oral treatment with Pcc-KETc7-AE did not prevent lesions, but statistically reduced hepatomegaly, ALA size, and necrotic areas in tissue sections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aqueous extracts from <jats:italic>C. papaya<\/jats:italic> embryogenic callus cultures analyzed here exhibit potent, yet variable, anti-<jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic> activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The activity was nearly as effective as MTZ suggesting their potential use as a new, natural and safe oral treatment for amebiasis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-025-01071-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T08:58:24Z","timestamp":1749632304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aqueous Extracts of Carica papaya Embryogenic Callus Kill Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites and Orally Protect against the Development of Amoebic Liver Abscesses in Hamsters"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Villareal-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anabel","family":"Ortiz-Caltempa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"N\u00e9quiz-Avenda\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa-Carolina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladis","family":"Fragoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edda","family":"Sciutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"D\u00edaz-God\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Carrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eyayu T, Kiros T, Workineh L et al (2021) Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among patients attending at Sanja primary hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study. 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