{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:28:53Z","timestamp":1761157733286,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-025-01091-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T09:40:05Z","timestamp":1751881205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Challenges and Strategies in Managing Naegleria fowleri-Associated Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in Pakistan: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Maham","family":"Zaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tooba","family":"Fida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5574-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Haris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zarmeen","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaheer","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tauqeer","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.151236","volume":"22","author":"NK Ghanchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghanchi NK, Khan E, Khan A, Muhammad W, Malik FR, Zafar A (2016) Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis associated with public water supply, pakistan, 162 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 22(10):1835\u20131837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2210.151236","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1091_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266400","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1266400","volume":"11","author":"A Nadeem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nadeem A, Malik IA, Afridi EK, Shariq F (2023) Naegleria fowleri outbreak in pakistan: unveiling the crisis and path to recovery. Front Public Health 11:1266400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1266400","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"1091_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091320","volume":"11","author":"A G\u00fc\u00e9mez","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00fc\u00e9mez A, Garc\u00eda E (2021) Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis and teatments. Biomolecules 11(9):1320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11091320","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"1091_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heilmann A, Rueda Z, Alexander D, Laupland KB, Keynan Y (2024) Impact of climate change on amoeba and the bacteria they host. Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada\u2009=\u2009Journal officiel de l\u2019Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l\u2019infectiologie Canada. 9(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/jammi-2023-09-08","DOI":"10.3138\/jammi-2023-09-08"},{"issue":"8","key":"1091_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ017","volume":"60","author":"JR Cope","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cope JR, Ratard RC, Hill VR, Sokol T, Causey JJ, Yoder JS, Mirani G, Mull B, Mukerjee KA, Narayanan J, Doucet M, Qvarnstrom Y, Poole CN, Akingbola OA, Ritter JM, Xiong Z, da Silva AJ, Roellig D, Van Dyke RB, Stern H, Beach MJ (2015) The first association of a primary amebic meningoencephalitis death with culturable Naegleria fowleri in tap water from a US treated public drinking water system. Clin Infect Diseases: Official Publication Infect Dis Soc Am 60(8):e36\u2013e42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Diseases: Official Publication Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1091_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2401.170545","volume":"24","author":"A Matanock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matanock A, Mehal JM, Liu L, Blau DM, Cope JR (2018) Estimation of undiagnosed Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis, united States1. Emerg Infect Dis 24(1):162\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2401.170545","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1091_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3017","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003017","volume":"8","author":"R Siddiqui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siddiqui R, Khan NA (2014) Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: an old enemy presenting a new challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(8):e3017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1091_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30675-9","volume":"20","author":"M Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali M, Jamal SB, Farhat SM (2020) Naegleria fowleri in Pakistan. Lancet Infect Dis 20(1):27\u201328","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1091_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.094","volume":"97","author":"AM Karim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karim AM, Yasir M, Ullah I, Lee JH, Lee SH (2020) Important factors causing high fatal cases of Naegleria fowleri primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 97:230\u2013232","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1091_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2024.2304055","volume":"22","author":"I Ata","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ata I, Riaz N, Ata F, Farooq U, Mallhi TH (2024) Waking up to the Naegleria threat: urgent measures needed to protect public health in Pakistan. Expert Rev Anti-infective Therapy 22(4):129\u2013130 200 201","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-infective Therapy"},{"key":"1091_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coesh.2020.02.003","volume":"16","author":"GJ Puzon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puzon GJ, Miller HC, Malinowski N, Walsh T, Morgan MJ (2020) Naegleria fowleri in drinking water distribution systems. Curr Opin Environ Sci Health 16:22\u201327","journal-title":"Curr Opin Environ Sci Health"},{"key":"1091_CR12","unstructured":"Raheem A, Khalil MZ, Qamar W Prevalence of Naegleria fowleri in Pakistan"},{"issue":"3","key":"1091_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.4155\/ppa-2020-0023","volume":"10","author":"R Siddiqui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siddiqui R, Khan NA (2021) Contemporary approaches to treat Naegleria fowleri: A patent overview. Pharm Patent Analyst 10(3):99\u2013101","journal-title":"Pharm Patent Analyst"},{"key":"1091_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arberas-Jim\u00e9nez I, Sifaoui I, Reyes-Batlle M, Rizo-Liendo A, Sancho L, Urruticoechea A, Pi\u00f1ero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J (2022) Ultraviolet\u2013Chlorine combined treatment efficiency to eliminate Naegleria fowleri in artificial surf lagoons. Heliyon.;8(11)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11625"},{"key":"1091_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091320","volume":"11","author":"A G\u00fc\u00e9mez","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00fc\u00e9mez A, Garc\u00eda E (2021) Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis and treatments. Biomolecules 11:1320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11091320","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-025-01091-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-025-01091-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-025-01091-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:03:09Z","timestamp":1757498589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-025-01091-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-025-01091-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1230-2821"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1896-1851"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan (Approval No. KEMU-211-2024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s family for publication of this case and any accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"150"}}