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Its success is largely achieved by the parasite\u2019s ability to avoid the host immune response. During\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection lymphocytes play an active role in host defense and purinergic signaling has been shown to contribute to parasite control. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) signaling via purinergic receptor, as a component of the inflammatory response against\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Here, we hypothesized whether RSV, a natural polyphenol, could be involved in\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    control triggered by purinergic signaling, during acute infection in lymphocytes. Thus, the outcomes of this study were lymphocyte viability, modulation of ectonucleotidase activity, purinergic receptor expression and inflammatory mediators.\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection diminished lymphocytes viability 24h after RH-tachyzoites exposition. RSV treatment promote an increment of ATP, ADP hydrolysis by NTPDase (CD39) and adenosine deamination by ADA enzyme in infected lymphocytes. In addition, RSV upregulated P1 and P2 receptors in\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected lymphocytes. There is an involvement of P2X\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor and proinflammatory cytokines in activated lymphocytes leading to ROS generation and nitrite production. However, the excessive damage is controlled by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RSV thought adenosine receptors and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Together, our results suggest RSV isolate or combinate to sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim (choice drug for toxoplasmosis) could upregulate purinergic signaling during\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection suggesting a therapeutical candidate target in toxoplasmosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-026-01252-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:56:05Z","timestamp":1773759365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive study of resveratrol associated to sulfadiazine in lymphocytes infected with Toxoplasma gondii: involvement of purinergic signaling in immune response"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Nathieli Bianchin","family":"Bottari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila Marquezan","family":"Copetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Fagan","family":"Bissacotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ta\u00eds","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anielen Dutra","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateus","family":"Fracasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karine Paula","family":"Reichert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelson","family":"Nauderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera Maria Melchiors","family":"Morsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinthia","family":"Melazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandro Schafer","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosa Chitolina","family":"Schetinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1252_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0306-9","volume":"100","author":"C Lang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lang C, Grob U, L\u00fcder CGK (2007) Subversion of innate and adaptive immune responses by Toxoplasma gondii. 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