{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T05:24:32Z","timestamp":1787376272749,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006498","name":"Clemson University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006498","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gynandromorphism is a developmental anomaly characterized by the simultaneous presence of male and female sexual morphological traits within the same individual. This study documents a case of gynandromorphism in the cattle tick\n                      <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Canestrini 1888) in El Salvador.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The specimen was collected from a bovine belonging to the Experimental and Practical Station of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of El Salvador, located in the municipality of San Luis Talpa, Department of La Paz.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The reported gynandromorph of\n                      <jats:italic>R. microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibits bilateral gynandromorphism, displaying primarily female characteristics on the left side and male characteristics on the right.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first report of a tick with gynandromorphism in El Salvador. Further studies are warranted to understand the implications of such anomalies and their veterinary and public health relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-026-01327-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T06:01:05Z","timestamp":1782367265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Report of Gynandromorphism in Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in El Salvador"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Marvin Stanley","family":"Rodriguez Aquino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther Noem\u00ed","family":"Ju\u00e1rez Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Castaneda L\u00fae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela Michelle","family":"Cornejo Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa S.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Gual-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1327_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy221","volume":"56","author":"S Balinandi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balinandi S, Mugisha L, Bbira J, Kabasa W, Nakayiki T, Bakkes DK, Lutwama JJ, Chitimia-Dobler L, Malmberg M (2019) General and local morphological anomalies in Amblyomma lepidum (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus decoloratus infesting cattle in Uganda. J Med Entomol 56(3):873\u2013877","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1327_CR2","first-page":"122","volume":"1","author":"S Berm\u00fadez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berm\u00fadez S, Apanaskevich D, Dom\u00ednguez L, Guglielmone A (2018) Garrapatas Ixodidae de Panam\u00e1. Secretar\u00eda Nac de Ciencia Tecnol Innov. 1(1):122\u2013125","journal-title":"Secretar\u00eda Nac de Ciencia Tecnol Innov"},{"key":"1327_CR3","first-page":"94","volume":"42","author":"R Blanchard","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blanchard R, Descimon H (1988) Hybridization between two species of swallowtails, meiosis mechanism, and the genesis of gynandromorphs. J Lepid Soc 42:94\u2013102","journal-title":"J Lepid Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"1327_CR4","first-page":"1199","volume":"25","author":"L Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez L, Berm\u00fadez S (2020) Firsts records of abnormalities and gynandromorphism in hard ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Panama. Syst Appl Acarol. 25(7):1199\u20131208","journal-title":"Syst Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1327_CR5","first-page":"178","volume":"108","author":"GR Graves","year":"1996","unstructured":"Graves GR, Patten MA, Jon LD (1996) Comments on a probable gynandromorphic black-throated blue warbler. Wilson Bull 108(1):178\u2013180. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4163654","journal-title":"Wilson Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"1327_CR6","first-page":"518","volume":"20","author":"K Kumar","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kumar K, Nagar S (1979) Two kinds of Gynandromorphs in ticks Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) and Hyalomma anatolicum Koch, 1844. Acarologia 20(4):518\u2013521","journal-title":"Acarologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"1327_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0810:GIACAR]2.0.CO;2","volume":"88","author":"MB Labruna","year":"2002","unstructured":"Labruna MB, Ribeiro AF, Cruz MV, Camargo LMA, Camargo EP (2002) Gynandromorphism in Amblyomma cajennense\u2009and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasitol 88(4):810\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0810:GIACAR]2.0.CO;2","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1327_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-6055.1970.tb00773.x","volume":"9","author":"E Loomis","year":"1970","unstructured":"Loomis E, Stone B (1970) Gynandromorphs of Boophilus ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae). Australian J Entomol 9(1):68\u201370","journal-title":"Australian J Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1327_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102219","volume":"14","author":"HR Luz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luz HR, Labruna MB, Pacheco RC, Gianizella SL, Nunes PH, Szab\u00f3 MPJ, Gerardi M, Teixeira RHF, da Silva SC, Kmetiuk LB, Pesenato IP, Marcili A, Faccini JLH, Martins TF (2023) Morphological anomalies in hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil. Ticks Tick-borne Dis 14(6):102219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102219","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis"},{"key":"1327_CR10","first-page":"187","volume":"16","author":"C Pereira","year":"1945","unstructured":"Pereira C, Castro M (1945) Sobre un ginandromorfo de Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr., 1804. Arquivos do Instituto Biol\u00f3gico 16:187\u2013192","journal-title":"Arquivos do Instituto Biol\u00f3gico"},{"issue":"2","key":"1327_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv009","volume":"52","author":"M Prusinski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prusinski M, Mertins J, Meehan L (2015) Two Gynandromorphs of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) from New York State. J Med Entomol 52(2):278\u2013282","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"1327_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Dur\u00e1n A, de Castro LT, Driemeier D, Cort\u00e9s-Vecino Jes\u00fasA, Parizi, Lu\u00eds F & da Silva Vaz Junior, I. (2026) Morphological abnormalities and biological effects in the porto alegre strain of rhipicephalus microplus. Entomol Res 56(3): e70110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1748-5967.70110","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-5967.70110"},{"issue":"3","key":"1327_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00549-4","volume":"82","author":"B Salceda-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salceda-S\u00e1nchez B, S\u00e1nchez-Montes S, Soto-Guti\u00e9rrez JJ, Sandoval-Espinosa MR (2020) A case of gynandromorphism in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sl from Mexico. Exp Appl Acarol 82(3):405\u2013409","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"7286","key":"1327_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08852","volume":"464","author":"D Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao D, McBride D, Nandi S, McQueen H, McGrew M, Hocking P, Lewis P, Sang H, Clinton M (2010) Somatic sex identity is cell autonomous in the chicken. Nature 464(7286):237\u2013242","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01327-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01327-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01327-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:38:42Z","timestamp":1787373522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01327-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01327-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9115111\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"146"}}