{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:26:07Z","timestamp":1790385967244,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021713","name":"Universidad de Almer\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. is the most prevalent human enteric protist, yet its clinical significance remains controversial. Currently recognized as a genetically diverse stramenopile with zoonotic potential, it comprises at least 42 subtypes, of which ST1\u2013ST4 account for most human infections. Despite more than a century of research, its pathogenic role and ecological interactions are still debated. We performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global scientific production on Blastocystis spp. from 1917 to 2025 using the Scopus database, retrieving 3710 publications. Temporal trends, geographic distribution, leading authors and institutions, and thematic evolution were assessed through keyword normalization and classification into five categories: classical diagnosis, PCR\/molecular approaches, genetics\/phylogeny, clinical\/epidemiology, and microbiota. Results indicate a steady increase and a subsequent acceleration in publication trends since the late 1980s, with a compound annual growth rate of 11.56% between 1988 and 2025. Early research was dominated by microscopy-based diagnosis, whereas the introduction of PCR and sequencing technologies reshaped the field by enabling subtype identification and phylogenetic analysis. Since 2010, clinical and epidemiological studies have expanded significantly, and microbiota-oriented research has emerged as a growing line of investigation. Co-occurrence analysis indicates that Blastocystis spp. is frequently studied in the context of polyparasitism and intestinal coinfections. Overall, Blastocystis spp. research has evolved from descriptive parasitology to a multidisciplinary field integrating molecular, clinical and ecological approaches, highlighting the need for context-dependent models of host\u2013parasite\u2013microbiota interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-026-01331-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T09:07:30Z","timestamp":1783933650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Blastocystis, an Enigmatic Parasite"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cebri\u00e1n-Carmona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Garrido-C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Mesa-Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/archcid.97388","author":"E Badparva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Badparva E, Kheirandish F, Nov (2020) Blastocystis hominis: a pathogenic parasite. Arch Clin Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/archcid.97388","journal-title":"Arch Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1331_CR2","first-page":"296","volume":"71","author":"A Alexeieff","year":"1911","unstructured":"Alexeieff A (1911) Sur la nature des formations dites kystes de Trichomonas intestinalis. CR Soc Biol 71:296\u2013298","journal-title":"CR Soc Biol"},{"key":"1331_CR3","first-page":"725","volume":"56","author":"E Brumpt","year":"1912","unstructured":"Brumpt E (1912) Blastocystis hominis n. sp. et forms voisines. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 56:725\u2013730","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.348-355.2005","volume":"43","author":"C No\u00ebl","year":"2005","unstructured":"No\u00ebl C, Jan (2005) Molecular phylogenies of blastocystis isolates from different hosts: implications for genetic diversity, identification of species, and zoonosis. J Clin Microbiol 43(1):348\u2013355","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1331_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/48.5.495","volume":"48","author":"CH Zierdt","year":"1967","unstructured":"Zierdt CH, Rude WS, Bull BS (1967) Protozoan characteristics of Blastocystis hominis. Am J Clin Pathol 48:495\u2013501","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"6573","key":"1331_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/380398a0","volume":"380","author":"JD Silberman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Silberman JD, Sogin ML, Leipe DD, Clark CG (1996) Human parasite finds taxonomic home. Nature 380(6573):398\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/380398a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0727-0","volume":"102","author":"LH Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li LH et al (2007) Cross-sectional surveys and subtype classification of human Blastocystis isolates from four epidemiological settings in China. Parasitol Res 102(1):83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-007-0727-0","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815001697","volume":"144","author":"S Mattiucci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mattiucci S, Crisafi B, Gabrielli S, Paoletti M, Cancrini G (2016) Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infection in humans in Italy. Epidemiol Infect 144(3):635\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268815001697","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3641-2","volume":"12","author":"PA Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez PA, Jaimes JE, Ram\u00edrez JD (2019) A summary of Blastocystis subtypes in North and South America. Parasit Vectors 12(1):376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3641-2","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"1331_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104615","volume":"152","author":"Z Khorshidvand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khorshidvand Z, Khazaei S, Amiri M, Taherkhani H, Mirzaei A (2021) Worldwide prevalence of emerging parasite Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 152:104615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104615","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"16","key":"1331_CR11","first-page":"608","volume":"108","author":"JA Carbajal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carbajal JA, Villar J, Lanuza MD, Esteban JG, Mu\u00f1oz C, Borr\u00e1s R, Med (1997) Clin (Barc), 108(16): 608\u2013612","journal-title":"Clin (Barc)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1331_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183097","volume":"12","author":"V Kumarasamy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumarasamy V, Kuppusamy UR, Jayalakshmi P, Samudi C, Ragavan ND, Kumar S (2017) Exacerbation of colon carcinogenesis by Blastocystis sp. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0183097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0183097","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-017-0131-z","volume":"12","author":"AM Mohamed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohamed AM, Ahmed MA, Ahmed SA, Al-Semany SA, Alghamdi SS, Zaglool DA (2017) Predominance and association risk of Blastocystis hominis subtype I in colorectal cancer: a case control study. Infect Agent Cancer 12(1):21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13027-017-0131-z","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1331_CR14","first-page":"171","volume":"75","author":"Z \u00dclgen","year":"1997","unstructured":"\u00dclgen Z, Ok et al (1997) Cryptosporidiosis and blastocystosis in renal transplant recipients. Nephron 75(2):171\u2013174","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"1331_CR15","first-page":"719","volume":"51","author":"K Rao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rao K, Sekar U, Iraivan KT, Abraham G, Soundararajan P (2003) Blastocystis hominis - an emerging cause of diarrhoea in renal transplant recipients. J Assoc Phys 51:719\u2013721","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"1331_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5976-6","volume":"117","author":"M Bednarska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bednarska M et al (2018) Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis, and other opportunistic infections in patients with primary and acquired immunodeficiency. Parasitol Res 117(9):2869\u20132879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-018-5976-6","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.1.61","volume":"4","author":"CH Zierdt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zierdt CH (1991) Blastocystis hominis\u2013past and future. Clin Microbiol Rev 4(1):61\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.4.1.61","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1331_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050256","volume":"83","author":"KT Moe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moe KT et al (1997) Experimental Blastocystis hominis infection in laboratory mice. Parasitol Res 83(4):319\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004360050256","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-40","volume":"1","author":"KF Boorom","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boorom KF et al (2008) Oh my aching gut: irritable bowel syndrome, Blastocystis, and asymptomatic infection. Parasit Vectors 1(1):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-1-40","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.065","volume":"13","author":"LR Krogsgaard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krogsgaard LR, Engsbro AL, Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Bytzer P (2015) The prevalence of intestinal parasites is not greater among individuals with irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13(3):507\u2013513e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.07.065","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1331_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/archcid.90861","author":"H Mahmoudvand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahmoudvand H, Sepahvand A, Badparva E, Khatami M, Niazi M, Moayyedkazemi A (2021) Possible association and risk factors of blastocystis infection and colorectal cancers in western Iran. Arch Clin Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/archcid.90861","journal-title":"Arch Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i3.734","volume":"14","author":"V Kumarasamy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumarasamy V, Atroosh WM, Anbazhagan D, Abdalla MMI, Azzani M (2022) Association of Blastocystis hominis with colorectal cancer: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo evidences. World J Gastrointest Oncol 14(3):734\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i3.734","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1331_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000450953","volume":"171","author":"E Arik Yilmaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arik Yilmaz E et al (2016) Parasitic infections in children with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 171(2):130\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000450953","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01108-4","volume":"43","author":"EA El Saftawy","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Saftawy EA, Amin NM, Hamed DH, Elkazazz A, Adel S (2019) The hidden impact of different Blastocystis genotypes on C-3 and IgE serum levels: a matter of debate in asthmatic Egyptian children. J Parasit Dis 43(3):443\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-019-01108-4","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1331_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.780094","volume":"48","author":"AM Petersen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petersen AM et al (2013) Active ulcerative colitis associated with low prevalence of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 48(5):638\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365521.2013.780094","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5679-4","volume":"117","author":"AA El-Badry","year":"2018","unstructured":"El-Badry AA, Abd El Wahab WM, Hamdy DA, Aboud A (2018) Blastocystis subtypes isolated from irritable bowel syndrome patients and co-infection with Helicobacter pylori. Parasitol Res 117(1):127\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-017-5679-4","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25255","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25255","volume":"6","author":"C Audebert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Audebert C et al (2016) Colonization with the enteric protozoa Blastocystis is associated with increased diversity of human gut bacterial microbiota. Sci Rep 6(1):25255","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030461","volume":"12","author":"M Aykur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aykur M, (2024) Blastocystis: a mysterious member of the gut microbiome. Microorganisms 12(3):461","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1331_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taaf011","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stensvold CR, (2025) Blastocystis in stool: friend, foe or both? J Travel Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jtm\/taaf011","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"1331_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.12.008","volume":"36","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stensvold CR, Tan KSW, Clark CG (2020) Blastocystis. Trends Parasitol 36:315\u2013316","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1331_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001396","volume":"143","author":"C. Nourrisson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nourrisson C et al., On Blastocystis secreted cysteine proteases: a legumain-activated cathepsin B increases paracellular permeability of intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. Parasitology, 143(13):1713\u20131722. (2016) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182016001396","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01165-9","volume":"44","author":"DA Hamdy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamdy DA, Abd El Wahab WM, Senosy SA, Mabrouk AG (2020) Blastocystis spp. and Giardia intestinalis co-infection profile in children suffering from acute diarrhea. J Parasitic Dis 44(1):88\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-019-01165-9","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-024-01690-2","volume":"48","author":"DA Hamdy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamdy DA, Fahmey SS, Abd El Wahab WM, Mohamed SS, Mohamed YA (2024) Effect of Blastocystis sp. infection on hematological parameters and trace element status in children with iron-deficiency anemia. J Parasitic Dis 48(3):514\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12639-024-01690-2","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02019280","volume":"22","author":"M Callon","year":"1991","unstructured":"Callon M, Courtial JP, Laville F (1991) Co-word analysis as a tool for describing the network of interactions between basic and technological research: The case of polymer chemsitry. Scientometrics 22(1):155\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02019280","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"1331_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10377-8_13","volume-title":"Measuring Scholarly Impact","author":"NJ van Eck","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Eck NJ, Waltman L (2014) Visualizing bibliometric networks. In Measuring Scholarly Impact. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 285\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-10377-8_13."},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-3-r29","volume":"12","author":"F Denoeud","year":"2011","unstructured":"Denoeud F et al (2011) Genome sequence of the stramenopile Blastocystis, a human anaerobic parasite. Genome Biol 12(3):R29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/gb-2011-12-3-r29","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1331_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-08","volume":"21","author":"KSW Tan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tan KSW (2008) New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev 21(4):639\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00022-08","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1331_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.17","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stensvold CR, Clark CG, (2016) Molecular identification and subtype analysis of Blastocystis. Curr Protoc Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpmc.17","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"key":"1331_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5495\/wjcid.v2.i1.1","author":"D Carmena","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carmena D (2012) Current situation of Giardia infection in Spain: Implications for public health. World J Clin Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5495\/wjcid.v2.i1.1","journal-title":"World J Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1331_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.08.005","volume":"33","author":"M Chab\u00e9","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chab\u00e9 M, Lokmer A, S\u00e9gurel L (2017) Gut protozoa: friends or foes of the human gut microbiota? Trends Parasitol 33(12):925\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2017.08.005","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1331_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Matthaiou DK, Rafailidis PI, Panos G, Pappas G (2008) Worldwide prevalence of head lice. Emerg Infect Dis 14(9):1493\u20131494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1409.080368","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1409.080368"},{"issue":"12","key":"1331_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2017.139","volume":"11","author":"F Beghini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beghini F, Pasolli E, Truong TD, Putignani L, Cacci\u00f2 SM, Segata N (2017) Large-scale comparative metagenomics of Blastocystis, a common member of the human gut microbiome. ISME J 11(12):2848\u20132863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2017.139","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6941.12396","volume":"90","author":"PD Scanlan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scanlan PD et al (2014) The microbial eukaryote Blastocystis is a prevalent and diverse member of the healthy human gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 90(1):326\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1574-6941.12396","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1331_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316106","volume":"68","author":"RY Tito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tito RY et al (2019) Population-level analysis of Blastocystis subtype prevalence and variation in the human gut microbiota. Gut. 68(7):1180\u20131189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316106","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1331_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101272","volume":"21","author":"P Heneberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heneberg P (2025) Commensal, pathogen, or passenger? Rethinking the role of Blastocystis in human health. One Health 21:101272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101272","journal-title":"One Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1331_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05194-x","volume":"15","author":"L Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng L, Tan KSW (2022) Interactions between Blastocystis subtype ST4 and gut microbiota in vitro. Parasit Vectors 15(1):80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-022-05194-x","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"1331_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0011170","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011170","volume":"17","author":"A Rajamanikam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rajamanikam A, Isa MNM, Samudi C, Devaraj S, Govind SK (2023) Gut bacteria influence Blastocystis sp. phenotypes and may trigger pathogenicity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 17(3):e0011170","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01331-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01331-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01331-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T04:40:32Z","timestamp":1787373632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01331-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01331-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"156"}}