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We investigated bat-associated filarioids in urban and peri-urban forest fragments in Rio Branco, Acre, western Brazilian Amazon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between December 2022 and October 2023, bats were captured with mist nets in five forest fragments and identified morphologically. Blood was screened for microfilariae by thin smear and microhematocrit. A mitochondrial 12\u00a0S rRNA fragment (~\u2009330\u00a0bp) was amplified, and PCR-positive products were Sanger sequenced. Consensus sequences were assessed by BLASTn; after alignment and trimming, 300 nucleotide positions were retained for pairwise p-distance analysis and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic inference (HKY\u2009+\u2009G; 1,000 bootstraps).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety bats representing 20 species, 13 genera, and four families were captured. Microfilariae were detected in 2\/90 bats (2.2%):\n                      <jats:italic>Artibeus planirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Tonatia maresi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . UDV06 (PZ124269), from\n                      <jats:italic>A. planirostris<\/jats:italic>\n                      , showed strong affinity with\n                      <jats:italic>Litomosoides<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with ~\u200998\u201399% BLASTn identity, complete query coverage, low divergence, and clustering within the genus. HF17 (PZ124268), from\n                      <jats:italic>T. maresi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , showed only\u2009~\u200987\u201388% identity to available\n                      <jats:italic>Litomosoides<\/jats:italic>\n                      sequences and a markedly divergent phylogenetic position, supporting its conservative treatment as an unresolved member of Onchocercidae.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings document bat-associated filarioid occurrence and molecular diversity in the western Brazilian Amazon. UDV06 is supported as\n                      <jats:italic>Litomosoides<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the genus level, whereas HF17 remains unresolved within Onchocercidae. Additional mitochondrial, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and nuclear markers are needed for improved taxonomic resolution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-026-01398-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T06:21:30Z","timestamp":1788762090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Detection of Filarioid Nematodes in Bats from the Western Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6495-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhonatan Henrique Lima","family":"da Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6980-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Zanata Lima","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9273-7322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleyton Silva","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-5972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Henrique","family":"Reckziegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4635-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deise Kelly Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9151-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Kelly Teixeira","family":"Veras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3186-7179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samyly Coutinho","family":"de Aguiar Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-7372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio Luiz Bessa","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-5055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamyres Izarelly Barbosa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0004233","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004233","volume":"9","author":"E Lefoulon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lefoulon E, Bain O, Bourret J et al (2015) Shaking the tree: multi-locus sequence typing usurps current onchocercid phylogeny. 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