{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T09:00:46Z","timestamp":1790413246712,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-026-01407-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:56:34Z","timestamp":1790412994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ghrelin Receptor Blockade Restricts Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection by Suppressing Host Cell Proliferation and Enhancing Fibrotic Encapsulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Guangfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilaliding","family":"Dilixiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanfang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyihanguli","family":"Aimidoula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqiong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelijiang","family":"Wusiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9630-5294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1407_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hs W et al (2019) Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st Century. Clin Microbiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18"},{"key":"1407_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mandal S, Mandal MD (2012) Human cystic echinococcosis: epidemiologic, zoonotic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5(4):253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60035-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60035-2"},{"key":"1407_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhang C-S, Fang B-B, Li Z-D, Li L, Bi X-J, Li W-D, Zhang N, Lin R-Y, Wen H (2019) Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu stricto) promotes the alternative activation of macrophages via PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway. Parasit Vectors 12(1):542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-019-3786-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3786-z"},{"key":"1407_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wang J, L\u00fc G, Li J, Lu X, Mantion G, Vuitton DA, Wen H, Lin R (2012) Hepatocyte proliferation\/growth arrest balance in the liver of mice during E. multilocularis infection: a coordinated 3-stage course. PLoS ONE 7(1):e30127.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0030127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030127"},{"key":"1407_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Freudlsperger C, Bian Y, Contag Wise S, Burnett J, Coupar J, Yang X, Chen Z, Van Waes C (2013) TGF-\u03b2 and NF-\u03baB signal pathway cross-talk is mediated through TAK1 and SMAD7 in a subset of head and neck cancers. Oncogene 32(12):1549\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.171","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.171"},{"key":"1407_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y, Abudounnasier G, Zhang T, Liu X, Wang Q, Yan Y, Ding J, Wen H, Yimiti D, Ma X (2016) Increased expression of TGF-\u03b21 in correlation with liver fibrosis during Echinococcus granulosus infection in mice. Korean J Parasitol 54(4):519\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3347\/kjp.2016.54.4.519","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2016.54.4.519"},{"key":"1407_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tian F, Liu Y, Gao J, Yang N, Shang X, Lv J, Ba D, Zhou X, Zhang C, Ma X (2020) Study on the association between TGF-\u03b21 and liver fibrosis in patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Exp Ther Med 19(2):1275\u20131280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2019.8355","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.8355"},{"key":"1407_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yanagi S, Sato T, Kangawa K, Nakazato M (2018) The homeostatic force of ghrelin. Cell Metab 27(4):786\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.008"},{"key":"1407_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moreno M, Chaves JF, Sancho-Bru P, Ramalho F, Ramalho LN, Mansego ML, Ivorra C, Dominguez M, Conde L, Mill\u00e1n C, Mar\u00ed M, Colmenero J, Lozano JJ, Jares P, Vidal J, Forns X, Arroyo V, Caballer\u00eda J, Gin\u00e8s P, Bataller R (2010) Ghrelin attenuates hepatocellular injury and liver fibrogenesis in rodents and influences fibrosis progression in humans. Hepatology 51(3):974\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23421","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23421"},{"key":"1407_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mao Y, Zhang S, Yu F, Li H, Guo C, Fan X (2015) Ghrelin attenuates liver fibrosis through regulation of TGF-\u03b21 expression and autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 16(9):21911\u201321930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160921911","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921911"},{"key":"1407_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ezquerro S, Tuero C, Becerril S, Valent\u00ed V, Moncada R, Landecho MF, Catal\u00e1n V, G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi J, Mocha F, Silva C, Hanley KP, Escalada J, Fr\u00fchbeck G, Rodr\u00edguez A (2023) Antagonic effect of ghrelin and LEAP-2 on hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis in obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Endocrinol 188(7):564\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160921911","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921911"},{"key":"1407_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu J et al (2023) Ghrelin regulating liver activity and its potential effects on liver fibrosis and Echinococcosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1324134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1324134","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1324134"},{"key":"1407_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu J, Zhao H, Aierken A, Zhou T, Menggen M, Gao H, He R, Aimulajiang K, Wen H (2024) Ghrelin is involved in regulating the progression of Echinococcus Granulosus-infected liver lesions through suppression of immunoinflammation and fibrosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 18(10):e0012587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012587","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012587"},{"key":"1407_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu J, Zhou T, Chen G, Gao H, Chen X, Tuohetali A, Song Y, Pang D, Aimulajiang K (2025) GHSR gene knockout alleviates the liver pathological response in Echinococcus granulosus infection by reducing parasite survival. Vet Res 56(1):55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-025-01478-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01478-z"},{"key":"1407_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bi X, Yang N, Ke Y, Liu H, Ma W, Fang B, Sun L, Li L, L\u00fc G, Lin R (2021) An improved experimental method for simultaneously isolating hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells in mouse liver infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. J Clin Lab Anal 35(12):e24084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.24084","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24084"},{"key":"1407_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwenke DO, Tokudome T, Shirai M, Hosoda H, Horio T, Kishimoto I, Kangawa K (2008) Exogenous ghrelin attenuates the progression of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in conscious rats. Endocrinology 149(1):237\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2007-0833","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0833"},{"key":"1407_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wren AM, Small CJ, Abbott CR, Dhillo WS, Seal LJ, Cohen MA, Batterham RL, Taheri S, Stanley SA, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR (2001) Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Diabetes 50(11):2540\u20132547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2540","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.11.2540"},{"key":"1407_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dagher-Hamalian C, Stephan J, Zeeni N, Harhous Z, Shebaby WN, Abdallah MS, Faour WH (2020) Ghrelin-induced multi-organ damage in mice fed obesogenic diet. Inflamm Res 69(10):1019\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-020-01383-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01383-5"},{"key":"1407_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K (1999) Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402(6762):656\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00011-020-01383-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01383-5"},{"key":"1407_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin R, L\u00fc G, Wang J, Zhang C, Xie W, Lu X, Mantion G, Martin H, Richert L, Vuitton DA, Wen H (2011) Time course of gene expression profiling in the liver of experimental mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. PLoS ONE 6(1):e14557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0014557","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014557"},{"key":"1407_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu S, Zhou X, Hao L, Piao X, Hou N, Chen Q (2017) Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals extensive alternative splicing events in the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Front Microbiol 8:929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00929","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00929"},{"key":"1407_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheng Z, Liu F, Li X, Dai M, Wu J, Guo X, Tian H, Heng Z, Lu Y, Chai X, Wang Y (2017) EGF-mediated EGFR\/ERK signaling pathway promotes germinative cell proliferation in Echinococcus multilocularis that contributes to larval growth and development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(2):e0005418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005418"},{"key":"1407_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsch\u00f6p M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML (2000) Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 407(6806):908\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35038090","DOI":"10.1038\/35038090"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01407-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01407-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01407-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:56:35Z","timestamp":1790412995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01407-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1407"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01407-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests in relation to this work.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Ethics approval No.: IACUC-20230321014), and all animal experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"225"}}