{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:51:03Z","timestamp":1791827463187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Parasit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-026-01413-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:27:10Z","timestamp":1791826030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Detection of Anaplasma marginale in the Central Region of Venezuela: A PCR-based Assessment of the msp2 and msp5 Genes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Mariana Carolina","family":"Eleizalde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Reyna-Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucinda","family":"Tavares-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Fresneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ely","family":"G\u00f3mez-Pi\u00f1eres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Rub\u00e9n","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1413_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","volume":"51","author":"JS Dumler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, Dasch GA, Palmer GH, Ray SC, Rikihisa Y, Rurangirwa FR (2001) Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and \u201cHGE Agent\u201d as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51(6):2145\u20132165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1413_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.17221\/1861-VETMED","volume":"53","author":"A Rymaszewska","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rymaszewska A, Grenda S (2008) Bacteria of the genus Anaplasma\u2014characteristics of Anaplasma and their vectors: a review. Vet Med 53(11):573\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17221\/1861-VETMED","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"1413_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.012","volume":"167","author":"KM Kocan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kocan KM, de la Fuente J, Blouin EF, Coetzee JF, Ewing SA (2010) The natural history of Anaplasma marginale. Vet Parasitol 167(2\u20134):95\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.012","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1413_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01173.x","volume":"58","author":"P Aubry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aubry P, Geale DW (2011) A review of bovine anaplasmosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 58(1):1\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01173.x","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1413_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.2116\/PAKJAS\/21.9849","volume":"58","author":"FA Atif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atif FA, Hussain K, Mehnaz S (2021) Strategies for prevention and control of anaplasmosis: at human-animal interface. Pak J Agric Sci 58(5):1649\u20131662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2116\/PAKJAS\/21.9849","journal-title":"Pak J Agric Sci"},{"key":"1413_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104833","volume":"91","author":"V Rar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rar V, Tkachev S, Tikunova N (2021) Genetic diversity of Anaplasma bacteria: twenty years later. Infect Genet Evol 91:104833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104833","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"1413_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.626420","volume":"8","author":"AF Railey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Railey AF, Marsh TL (2021) Economic benefits of diagnostic testing in livestock: anaplasmosis in cattle. Front Vet Sci 8:626420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.626420","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387251324180","volume":"37","author":"RA Ierardi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ierardi RA (2025) A review of bovine anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) with emphasis on epidemiology and diagnostic testing. J Vet Diagn Invest 37(4):517\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10406387251324180","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"1413_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.10.1178","volume":"71","author":"JB Reinbold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reinbold JB, Coetzee JF, Hollis LC, Nickell JS, Riegel CM, Christopher JA, Ganta RR (2010) Comparison of iatrogenic transmission of Anaplasma marginale in Holstein steers via needle and needle-free injection techniques. Am J Vet Res 71(10):1178\u20131188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.71.10.1178","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.4766\/tb.40.4.001","volume":"40","author":"N Nur-Amalina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nur-Amalina N, Nur-Sabrina AM, Muhamad-Ali HAM, Basripuzi NH (2023) Bovine anaplasmosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis on the global prevalence. Trop Biomed 40(4):375\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4766\/tb.40.4.001","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-024-03957-5","volume":"56","author":"LLLL Leal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leal LLLL, Cavalcante ASA, de Moraes IML, Salvador V, Couto LFM, Heller LM, Zapa DMB, Paula WVF, Sales KGDS, Lima E, Scarpa AB, de Lemos RAA, de Almeida BF, Zambrano J, Ferreira LL, da Silva KF, Dantas-Torres F, Lopes WDZ (2024) Anaplasmosis outbreaks in taurine and zebu cattle in Brazil: causes, treatments, and Anaplasma marginale genetic diversity. Trop Anim Health Prod 56(4):154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-024-03957-5","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101967","volume":"13","author":"GCM Ferreira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferreira GCM, Canozzi MEA, Peripolli V, Moura GP, S\u00e1nchez J, Martins CEN (2022) Prevalence of bovine Babesia spp., Anaplasma marginale, and their co-infections in Latin America: systematic review\u2013meta-analysis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 13(4):101967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101967","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"1413_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00802-z","volume":"51","author":"R Marques","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marques R, Kr\u00fcger RF, Peterson AT, de Melo LF, Vicenzi N, Jim\u00e9nez-Garc\u00eda D (2020) Climate change implications for the distribution of the babesiosis and anaplasmosis tick vector, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Vet Res 51:81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-020-00802-z","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"1413_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.36108\/NJE\/4202\/04.0161","volume":"40","author":"FM Chikezie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chikezie FM, Opara KN, Ubulom PME (2024) Impacts of changing climate on arthropod vectors and diseases transmission. Niger J Entomol 40:179\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36108\/NJE\/4202\/04.0161","journal-title":"Niger J Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1413_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.2.259-262.1998","volume":"5","author":"A Reyna-Bello","year":"1998","unstructured":"Reyna-Bello A, Cloeckaert A, Vizca\u00edno N, Gonzatti MI, Aso PM, Dubray G, Zygmunt MS (1998) Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5 for serological diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis in Venezuela. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 5(2):259\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CDLI.5.2.259-262.1998","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1413_CR16","first-page":"193","volume":"13","author":"D D\u00edaz","year":"2003","unstructured":"D\u00edaz D, Valera Z, de Andrade E, Parra O, Escalona F, Ram\u00edrez R (2003) Prevalencia de Anaplasma marginale en bovinos del sector La Pi\u00f1ata, municipio La Ca\u00f1ada de Urdaneta, estado Zulia. Venezuela Rev Cient FCV-LUZ 13(3):193\u2013198","journal-title":"Venezuela Rev Cient FCV-LUZ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1413_CR17","first-page":"449","volume":"17","author":"JR Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez JR, Mel\u00e9ndez RD (2007) Seroprevalencia de la tripanosomosis y anaplasmosis bovina en el municipio Juan Jos\u00e9 Mora del estado Carabobo, Venezuela, mediante la t\u00e9cnica de ELISA. Rev Cient 17(5):449\u2013455","journal-title":"Rev Cient"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR18","first-page":"349","volume":"17","author":"MC Eleizalde","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eleizalde MC, Caballero H, Reyna-Bello A (2007) Evaluaci\u00f3n y mejoramiento del ensayo inmunoenzim\u00e1tico (ELISA) para el diagn\u00f3stico de la anaplasmosis bovina, utilizando la MSP5 recombinante como ant\u00edgeno. Rev Cient FCV-LUZ 17(4):349\u2013356","journal-title":"Rev Cient FCV-LUZ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1413_CR19","first-page":"506","volume":"20","author":"LM Tavares-Marques","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tavares-Marques LM, N\u00fa\u00f1ez C, Rey-Valeir\u00f3n C, Reyna-Bello A (2010) Serological evidence of Anaplasma spp. in small ruminants from Venezuela using recombinant MSP5 in immunoenzymatic assay. Rev Cient FCV-LUZ 20(5):506\u2013511","journal-title":"Rev Cient FCV-LUZ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1413_CR20","first-page":"13","volume":"26","author":"MI Camejo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Camejo MI, Aso PM, Gonzatti MI, P\u00e9rez-Rojas Y (2016) Relaci\u00f3n entre infecciones asintom\u00e1ticas con Anaplasma marginale, Babesia spp y Trypanosoma vivax en toros y niveles de testosterona. Rev Cient 26(1):13\u201319","journal-title":"Rev Cient"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR21","first-page":"501","volume":"56","author":"LM Tavares-Marques","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tavares-Marques LM, Reyna-Bello A (2006) Estandarizaci\u00f3n de la t\u00e9cnica de PCR para el diagn\u00f3stico de la anaplasmosis bovina y ovina. Agron Trop 56(4):501\u2013510","journal-title":"Agron Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR22","first-page":"377","volume":"20","author":"N A\u00f1ez-Rojas","year":"2010","unstructured":"A\u00f1ez-Rojas N, Romero O, Valbuena H, Crisante G, Rojas A, Bol\u00edvar AM, A\u00f1ez N (2010) Detecci\u00f3n de transmisi\u00f3n transplacentaria de Anaplasma marginale en bovinos asintom\u00e1ticos. Rev Cient 20(4):377\u2013382","journal-title":"Rev Cient"},{"issue":"1","key":"1413_CR23","first-page":"109","volume":"30","author":"J Maldonado","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maldonado J, Coronado A, Kowalski A, Medina J (2012) Evidencia molecular de transmisi\u00f3n transplacentaria de Anaplasma marginale en becerros neonatos ceb\u00fa de Venezuela. Zootec Trop 30(1):109\u2013114","journal-title":"Zootec Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR24","first-page":"265","volume":"29","author":"JP Uzc\u00e1tegui-Varela","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uzc\u00e1tegui-Varela JP, Brice\u00f1o-Rangel AJ, Rosales MC, M\u00e1rquez EE, Uzc\u00e1tegui-Lara R (2019) Detecci\u00f3n y factores de riesgo asociados a la transmisi\u00f3n de Anaplasma marginale en reba\u00f1os bufalinos lecheros. Rev Cient 29(4):265\u2013273","journal-title":"Rev Cient"},{"issue":"3","key":"1413_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"AM Bol\u00edvar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bol\u00edvar AM (2013) Detecci\u00f3n de Anaplasma marginale y Trypanosoma vivax en garrapatas de ganado bovino empleando la reacci\u00f3n en cadena de la polimerasa. Rev Electr Vet 14(3):1\u201310","journal-title":"Rev Electr Vet"},{"key":"1413_CR26","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) (2024) Bovine anaplasmosis. In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, Chap 3.4.1. WOAH, Paris. https:\/\/www.woah.org\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Health_standards\/tahm\/3.04.01_BOV_ANAPLASM.pdf. Accessed 15 April 2025"},{"key":"1413_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2019.10.011","volume":"63","author":"A Ganguly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ganguly A, Maharana BR, Ganguly I (2020) Pentaplex PCR assay for rapid differential detection of Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, Anaplasma marginale and Trypanosoma evansi in cattle. Biologicals 63:81\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biologicals.2019.10.011","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"issue":"3","key":"1413_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.3.777-782.1998","volume":"36","author":"S Torioni de Echaide","year":"1998","unstructured":"Torioni de Echaide S, Knowles DP, McGuire TC, Palmer GH, Su\u00e1rez CE, McElwain TF (1998) Detection of cattle naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale in a region of endemicity by nested PCR and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5. J Clin Microbiol 36(3):777\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.36.3.777-782.1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1413_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713511813","volume":"26","author":"C Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung C, Wilson C, Bandaranayaka-Mudiyanselage CB, Kang E, Adams DS, Kappmeyer LS, Knowles DP, McElwain TF, Evermann JF, Ueti MW, Scoles GA, Lee SS, McGuire TC (2014) Improved diagnostic performance of a commercial Anaplasma antibody competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5\u2013glutathione S-transferase fusion protein as antigen. J Vet Diagn Invest 26(1):61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638713511813","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"1413_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105338","volume":"205","author":"W Junsiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Junsiri W, Watthanadirek A, Poolsawat N, Kaewmongkol S, Jittapalapong S, Chawengkirttikul R, Anuracpreeda P (2020) Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale based on the major surface protein genes in Thailand. Acta Trop 205:105338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105338","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"1413_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101011","volume":"50","author":"J Jaimes-Due\u00f1ez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaimes-Due\u00f1ez J, Tique-Oviedo M, Arias-Vega L, Castiblanco-D\u00edaz E, Rivero-Rodriguez L, Mar\u00edn-Cossio L, G\u00f3ngora-Orjuela A, Jimenez-Lea\u00f1o A (2024) Epidemiological assessment of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis infections in Colombian creole cattle breeds: a molecular survey in northeastern Colombia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep 50:101011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101955","volume":"13","author":"J Kamani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamani J, Schaer J, Umar AG, Pilarshimwi JY, Bukar L, Gonz\u00e1lez-Miguel J, Harrus S (2022) Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma platys in cattle in Nigeria. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 13(4):101955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101955","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1413_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720975742","volume":"33","author":"P Parodi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parodi P, Corbellini LG, Leotti VB, Rivero R, Miraballes C, Riet-Correa F, Venzal JM, Arm\u00faa-Fern\u00e1ndez MT (2021) Validation of a multiplex PCR assay to detect Babesia spp. and Anaplasma marginale in cattle in Uruguay in the absence of a gold standard test. J Vet Diagn Invest 33(1):73\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638720975742","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"1413_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5139","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.12.5139-5144.1992","volume":"60","author":"ES Visser","year":"1992","unstructured":"Visser ES, McGuire TC, Palmer GH, Davis WC, Shkap V, Pipano E, Knowles DP Jr (1992) The Anaplasma marginale msp5 gene encodes a 19-kilodalton protein conserved in all recognized Anaplasma species. Infect Immun 60(12):5139\u20135144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.60.12.5139-5144.1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1413_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406656102","volume":"102","author":"KA Brayton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brayton KA, Kappmeyer LS, Herndon DR, Dark MJ, Tibbals DL, Palmer GH, McGuire TC, Knowles DP Jr (2005) Complete genome sequencing of Anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(3):844\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0406656102","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"1413_CR36","first-page":"112","volume":"55","author":"MC Eleizalde","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eleizalde MC, Reyna-Bello A (2014) Mecanismos de variaci\u00f3n antig\u00e9nica en Anaplasma marginale. Rev Fac Cienc Vet 55(2):112\u2013123","journal-title":"Rev Fac Cienc Vet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1413_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00727-18","volume":"87","author":"T Gra\u00e7a","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gra\u00e7a T, Ku PS, Silva MG, Turse JE, Hammac GK, Brown WC, Palmer GH, Brayton KA (2019) Segmental variation in a duplicated msp2 pseudogene generates Anaplasma marginale antigenic variants. Infect Immun 87(2):e00727-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00727-18","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1413_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.08.019","volume":"152","author":"W Junsiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Junsiri W, Watthanadirek A, Poolsawat N, Minsakorn S, Srionrod N, Nooroong P, Sangchuai S, Chawengkirttikul R, Glab-Ampai K, Anuracpreeda P (2022) Anaplasma marginale: molecular discrimination, recombinant expression and characterization of major surface protein 2. Res Vet Sci 152:372\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2022.08.019","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1413_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13100910","volume":"13","author":"MA Ch\u00e1vez-Larrea","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-Larrea MA, Cholota-Iza C, Yugcha-D\u00edaz M, Ron-Rom\u00e1n J, Proa\u00f1o-P\u00e9rez F, Maya-Delgado A, Saegerman C (2024) First report of Trypanosoma vivax (Duttonella), Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina DNA in cattle from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and its relationship with Anaplasma marginale. Pathogens (Basel) 13(10):910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens13100910","journal-title":"Pathogens (Basel)"},{"key":"1413_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6196","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6196","volume":"86","author":"TD Kocher","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kocher TD, Thomas WK, Meyer A, Edwards SV, P\u00e4\u00e4bo S, Villablanca FX, Wilson AC (1989) Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: amplification and sequencing with conserved primers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:6196\u20136200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6196","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1413_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.09.013","volume":"121","author":"D Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez D, Gonz\u00e1lez-Baradat B, Eleizalde M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Marcano E, Perrone T, Mendoza M (2009) Trypanosoma evansi: a comparison of PCR and parasitological diagnostic tests in experimentally infected mice. Exp Parasitol 121(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.09.013","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1413_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.07.008","volume":"23","author":"GH Palmer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palmer GH, Brayton KA (2007) Gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variation. Trends Parasitol 23(9):408\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2007.07.008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1413_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105933","volume":"220","author":"A Watthanadirek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Watthanadirek A, Junsiri W, Minsakorn S, Poolsawat N, Srionrod N, Khumpim P, Chawengkirttikul R, Anuracpreeda P (2021) Molecular and recombinant characterization of major surface protein 5 from Anaplasma marginale. Acta Trop 220:105933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105933","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"1413_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02653-20","volume":"87","author":"W Van Holm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Holm W, Ghesqui\u00e8re J, Boon N, Verspecht T, Bernaerts K, Zayed N, Chatzigiannidou I, Teughels W (2021) A viability quantitative PCR dilemma: are longer amplicons better? Appl Environ Microbiol 87(5):e02653-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.02653-20","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1413_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-55986-9","volume":"16","author":"Z Weng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weng Z, Li J, Wu Y, Xiu X, Wang F, Zuo X, Song P, Fan C (2025) Massively parallel homogeneous amplification of chip-scale DNA for DNA information storage (MPHAC-DIS). Nat Commun 16:667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-55986-9","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1413_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100594","volume":"25","author":"MC Eleizalde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eleizalde MC, G\u00f3mez-Pi\u00f1eres E, Ram\u00edrez-Iglesias JR, Mendoza M (2021) Evaluation of five primer sets for molecular detection of Trypanosoma vivax by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and their implementation for diagnosis in naturally infected ruminants from Venezuela. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 25:100594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100594","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1413_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.032","volume":"180","author":"CE Suarez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suarez CE, Noh S (2011) Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. Vet Parasitol 180(1\u20132):109\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.032","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1413_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.698-712.2003","volume":"16","author":"KM Kocan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kocan KM, de la Fuente J, Guglielmone AA, Mel\u00e9ndez RD (2003) Antigens and alternatives for control of Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. Clin Microbiol Rev 16(4):698\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.16.4.698-712.2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1413_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1960","volume":"17","author":"C Silaghi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silaghi C, Santos AS, Gomes J, Christova I, Matei IA, Walder G, Domingos A, Bell-Sakyi L, Sprong H, von Loewenich FD, Oteo JA, de la Fuente J, Dumler JS (2017) Guidelines for the direct detection of Anaplasma spp. in diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 17(1):12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2016.1960","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"1413_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2005.06.038","volume":"361","author":"JL Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez JL, Palmer GH, Knowles DP Jr, Brayton KA (2005) Distinctly different msp2 pseudogene repertoires in Anaplasma marginale strains that are capable of superinfection. Gene 361:127\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gene.2005.06.038","journal-title":"Gene"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01413-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01413-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01413-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:27:13Z","timestamp":1791826033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01413-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-026-01413-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1230-2821","1896-1851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The collection and use of bovine blood samples were approved by the IDECYT Ethics Committee, under the projects \u201cEstrategias de adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n en comunidades de monta\u00f1a ubicada en la Cordillera de la Costa frente al cambio clim\u00e1tico (2011000981)\u201d and \u201cDesarrollo de un Plan Piloto para el fortalecimiento de servicios sanitarios de diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento de hemopar\u00e1sitos de inter\u00e9s veterinario dirigido a productores agropecuarios asociados en las Redes Socialistas de Innovaci\u00f3n Productiva (RSIP) de ganader\u00eda doble prop\u00f3sito en la regi\u00f3n central del pa\u00eds\u201d, del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n, following national and international guidelines for research involving production animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"233"}}