{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:00:32Z","timestamp":1792155632885,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OBES SURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity represents a well-known risk factor for metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its progression towards cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to estimate the proportion of potential candidates to a bariatric surgery intervention that has an elevated liver stiffness on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study performed using data obtained during the 2017\u20132018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Potential candidates for a bariatric surgery intervention from the general US population were identified by applying criteria from international guidelines. All included participants were evaluated by VCTE. A controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) value\u2009\u2265\u2009288\u00a0dB\/m was considered indicative of steatosis while liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was considered elevated if\u2009\u2265\u20099.7\u00a0kPa. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to identify independent predictors of both outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 434 participants were included (mean age 42.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u00a0years; 54.4% women). Among them, 76.7% (95% CI 71.7\u201381.0) had steatosis, while 23.1% (95% CI 17.8\u201329.3) had an elevated LSM. Male sex, older age, \u03b3-glutamyltranspeptidase levels, and body mass index (BMI) were independent predictors of steatosis, while BMI was the only independent predictor of elevated LSM. Non-Hispanic black participants were protected from both outcomes, while other ethnicities were not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of elevated LSM is high in potential candidates for a bariatric surgery intervention. Accurate screening for occult advanced liver disease might be indicated in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-021-05885-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T17:03:01Z","timestamp":1641402181000},"page":"712-719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of Elevated Liver Stiffness Among Potential Candidates for Bariatric Surgery in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2422-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Ciardullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Oltolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Muraca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Perseghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5885_CR1","unstructured":"Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Afful J. 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The original survey was approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research Ethics Review Board. The present analysis was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board at our institution, as the dataset used in the analysis was completely de-identified.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}