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We appraised the evolution of 20 outcomes at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of 361 consecutive T2DM patients who underwent SG at our institution (April 2011\u2013December 2015). Postoperative data were compared to baseline and to previous time points using paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> tests. Diabetes status was also assessed at each time point.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The sample consisted of 65.37% females. The mean preoperative age was 44.38\u2009\u00b1\u20099.50\u00a0years and body mass index (BMI) was 43.81\u2009\u00b1\u20096.98\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Generally, most improvements occurred in the first year and were sustained on the long term. Postoperatively, there was a significant and sustained weight reduction, amounting to a mean decrease of 9\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in BMI at year 9 and associated excess weight loss between 59%<jats:sub>year 1<\/jats:sub> and 46%<jats:sub>year 9<\/jats:sub>. Fasting blood glucose decreased significantly across the five time points, from 9.27\u2009\u00b1\u20094.11<jats:sub>preop<\/jats:sub> to 7.06\u2009\u00b1\u20092.70<jats:sub>\u00a0year 9<\/jats:sub>\u00a0mmol\/L. Mean HbA1c significantly decreased from 8.1%<jats:sub>preop<\/jats:sub> to 6.77%<jats:sub>year 9<\/jats:sub>. The prevalence of complete remission of T2DM was 20.45%, 19.44%, and 20% at 5, 7, and 9\u00a0years respectively, with significant reductions in percentages of patients using diabetes medications or insulin. Between 10% and 23% of patients experienced relapse of T2DM by 5\u20139\u00a0years. In comparison to baseline levels, mean blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and hepatic enzymes levels all showed improvement in the long term.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients\u00a0with T2DM experienced substantial improvements in most anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes within the first year, and these were sustained in the long term.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-024-07664-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T03:46:40Z","timestamp":1741924000000},"page":"1253-1264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Improvements at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9\u00a0years\u2014Are the Initial Benefits Sustained?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Wahiba","family":"Elhag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isra","family":"Elgenaied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merilyn","family":"Lock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"El Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"7664_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306825","volume":"118","author":"SN Bhupathiraju","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhupathiraju SN, Hu FB. Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their cardiovascular complications. Circ Res. 2016;118:1723\u201335.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"7664_CR2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes--United States, 1988\u20131994 and 1999\u20132002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:1066\u20138."},{"key":"7664_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002097","volume":"13","author":"NJ Wareham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wareham NJ, Herman WH. The clinical and public health challenges of diabetes prevention: a search for sustainable solutions. PLoS Med. 2016;13:e1002097.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"7664_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2022.0043","volume":"21","author":"W Elhag","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elhag W, El Ansari W, Bashah M, et al. 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