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Cholecystectomy following SG \u2014 the standard treatment for cholelithiasis resulting from rapid weight loss \u2014 may influence GERD pathophysiology by enhancing enterohepatic bile circulation and increasing alkaline reflux.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the longitudinal development of endoscopic and histologic esophageal and gastric mucosal findings, alongside systemic metabolic profiles, across defined pre- and post-cholecystectomy intervals in individuals previously managed with SG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal, retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted with 133 patients who underwent cholecystectomy after SG between 2009 and 2017. Endoscopic findings were analyzed at three time points: pre-SG, pre-cholecystectomy, and post-cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the pre-sleeve gastrectomy assessment, moderate esophagitis increased from 3.0% to 12.2% and severe esophagitis from 0.8% to 2.7% at the post-cholecystectomy evaluation. In contrast, the direct comparison between the pre- and post-cholecystectomy assessments demonstrated a significant increase in gastric inflammatory findings, particularly moderate gastritis. Gastritis prevalence increased from 33.9% to 51.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with moderate to severe cases rising from 11.9% to 23.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). BMI and metabolic parameters (HbA1c, insulin, fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and C-peptide) improved significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cholecystectomy following sleeve gastrectomy was associated with an increased prevalence and severity of gastritis and a progressive trend in esophagitis over time, without compromising the long-term metabolic benefits of SG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-026-08947-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:54:30Z","timestamp":1790380470000},"page":"5459-5466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Cholecystectomy and Gastroesophageal Inflammatory Findings After Sleeve Gastrectomy: Endoscopic and Metabolic Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Guerra Cordeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius","family":"Vasconcelos do Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Alberto","family":"Reis Mattos J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Kreimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guido Correia de Ara\u00fajo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3832-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Bandeira Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"8947_CR1","volume-title":"Obesity and overweight","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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