{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:32:56Z","timestamp":1793111576805,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OBES SURG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-026-08965-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:47:22Z","timestamp":1790686042000},"page":"5595-5606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model for Predicting One-year Anemia After Bariatric Surgery: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Yuntao","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0161-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9401-0880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genzheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximing","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuman","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoyin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4666-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liyong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinlu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8965_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","volume":"13","author":"F Rubino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rubino F, Cummings DE, Eckel RH, Cohen RV, Wilding JPH, Brown WA, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2025;13(3):221\u201362.","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10456","key":"8965_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01210-8","volume":"404","author":"I Lingvay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lingvay I, Cohen RV, Roux C, Sumithran P. Obesity in adults. The Lancet. 2024;404(10456):972\u201387.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"8965_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003206","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003206","volume":"17","author":"T Wiggins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wiggins T, Guidozzi N, Welbourn R, Ahmed AR, Markar SR. Association of bariatric surgery with all-cause mortality and incidence of obesity-related disease at a population level: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2020;17(7):e1003206.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8965_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa006","volume":"105","author":"AP Courcoulas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Courcoulas AP, Gallagher JW, Neiberg RH, Eagleton EB, DeLany JP, Lang W, et al. Bariatric Surgery vs Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Treatment: 5-Year Outcomes From a Randomized Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(3):866\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"8965_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mejaddam A, Carlsen HK, Larsson I, Eeg-Olofsson K, Lugner M, Ottosson J et al. Long-term effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in type 2 diabetes: a matched retrospective cohort study from Sweden. Lancet Reg Health \u2013 Europe. 2025;58.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101430"},{"issue":"5","key":"8965_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00396-6","volume":"13","author":"J W\u00e5gen Hauge","year":"2025","unstructured":"W\u00e5gen Hauge J, Borgeraas H, Birkeland KI, Johnson LK, Hertel JK, Hagen M, et al. Effect of gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy on the remission of type 2 diabetes, weight loss, and cardiovascular risk factors at 5 years (Oseberg): secondary outcomes of a single-centre, triple-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(5):397\u2013409.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"20","key":"8965_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19897","volume":"330","author":"A Elmaleh-Sachs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elmaleh-Sachs A, Schwartz JL, Bramante CT, Nicklas JM, Gudzune KA, Jay M. Obesity Management in Adults: A Review. JAMA. 2023;330(20):2000\u201315.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"8965_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.70191","volume":"101","author":"PN Benotti","year":"2026","unstructured":"Benotti PN, Wood GC, Kaberi-Otarod J, Still CD, Gerhard GS, Bistrian BR. Preoperative Iron Status and the Risk of Severe Postoperative Anemia After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Am J Hematol. 2026;101:710\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"8965_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616340","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1616340","volume":"12","author":"Y Nie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nie Y, Ping A, Liu B, Meng H. The impact of preoperative anemia on postoperative anemia and related nutritional abnormalities after bariatric surgery: a multicenter cohort study. Front Nutr. 2025;12:1616340.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"8965_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1159\/000481825","volume":"10","author":"L Busetto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Busetto L, Dicker D, Azran C, Batterham RL, Farpour-Lambert N, Fried M, et al. Practical Recommendations of the Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management. Obes Facts. 2017;10(6):597\u2013632.","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"4","key":"8965_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.2790","volume":"125","author":"D Ksi\u0105dzyna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ksi\u0105dzyna D, Szel\u0105g A, Paradowski L. Overuse of proton pump inhibitors. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2015;125(4):289\u201398.","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"issue":"4","key":"8965_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13419","volume":"23","author":"Y Kwon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kwon Y, Ha J, Lee YH, Kim D, Lee CM, Kim JH, et al. Comparative risk of anemia and related micronutrient deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in patients with obesity: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev. 2022;23(4):e13419.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"8965_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2018.03.026","volume":"14","author":"E McCracken","year":"2018","unstructured":"McCracken E, Wood GC, Prichard W, Bistrian B, Still C, Gerhard G, et al. Severe anemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a cause for concern. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018;14(7):902\u20139.","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8965_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13516","volume":"24","author":"Y Nie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nie Y, Tian Z, Wang P, Liu B, Zhang N, Zhou B, et al. Prevalence of anemia and related nutrient deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2023;24(1):e13516.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"8965_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533609332174","volume":"24","author":"A von Drygalski","year":"2009","unstructured":"von Drygalski A, Andris DA. Anemia after bariatric surgery: more than just iron deficiency. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009;24(2):217\u201326.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"8965_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13268","volume":"22","author":"S Anvari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anvari S, Samarasinghe Y, Alotaiby N, Tiboni M, Crowther M, Doumouras AG. Iron supplementation following bariatric surgery: a systematic review of current strategies. Obes Rev. 2021;22(9):e13268.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"8965_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000911240.72750.c3","volume":"36","author":"A Connors","year":"2023","unstructured":"Connors A, Watkins EJ. Oral iron replacement vs. IV iron treatment in bariatric surgery patients with anemia. Jaapa. 2023;36(4):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Jaapa"},{"issue":"12","key":"8965_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.04.010","volume":"39","author":"W Schijns","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schijns W, Boerboom A, de Bruyn Kops M, de Raaff C, van Wagensveld B, Berends FJ, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing oral and intravenous iron supplementation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(12):3779\u201385.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"15","key":"8965_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153385","volume":"15","author":"Y Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan Y, Du R, Han X, Zhu W, Peng D, Tu Y, et al. Machine Learning Prediction of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Chinese Premenopausal Women 12 Months after Sleeve Gastrectomy. Nutrients. 2023;15(15):3385.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"8965_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2021.01287","volume":"15","author":"Y Du","year":"2021","unstructured":"Du Y, Zhang J, Chen G, Sun Z. Formulation and interpretation of the Chinese Guidelines for Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biosci Trends. 2021;15(5):299\u2013304.","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"8965_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e078378","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-078378","volume":"385","author":"GS Collins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collins GS, Moons KGM, Dhiman P, Riley RD, Beam AL, Van Calster B, et al. TRIPOD\u2009+\u2009AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods. BMJ. 2024;385:e078378.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"8965_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2019.10.025","volume":"16","author":"JI Mechanick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mechanick JI, Apovian C, Brethauer S, Garvey WT, Joffe AM, Kim J, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutrition, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of patients undergoing bariatric procedures\u2009\u2013\u20092019 update: cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists\/American College of Endocrinology, The Obesity Society, American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2020;16(2):175\u2013247.","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8965_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S002","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Suppl 1):S15\u201333.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"8965_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2024.11.005","volume":"78","author":"Comments on the","year":"2025","unstructured":"Comments on the. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2025;78(4):296\u2013300.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"8965_CR25","unstructured":"Chan. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. World Health Organization; 2011."},{"issue":"1","key":"8965_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0900900101","volume":"9","author":"M Pepe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pepe M, Longton G, Janes H. Estimation and Comparison of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. Stata J. 2009;9(1):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"8965_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-019-0064-7","volume":"3","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vickers AJ, van Calster B, Steyerberg EW. A simple, step-by-step guide to interpreting decision curve analysis. Diagn Progn Res. 2019;3:18.","journal-title":"Diagn Progn Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"8965_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155\u201363.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"8965_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-020-00314-0","volume":"34","author":"R Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez R, Bajorath J. Interpretation of machine learning models using shapley values: application to compound potency and multi-target activity predictions. J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2020;34(10):1013\u201326.","journal-title":"J Comput Aided Mol Des"},{"issue":"11","key":"8965_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8462","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002942","volume":"111","author":"Z Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao Z, Liang Y, Zheng C, Wu Y, Xiang S, Zhang X, et al. Prevalence and correlates of anemia following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2025;111(11):8462\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"8965_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.70035","volume":"15","author":"S Haughton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haughton S, Gentry S, Parretti HM. Nutritional deficiencies following bariatric surgery: a rapid systematic review of case reports of vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies presenting more than two years post-surgery. Clin Obes. 2025;15(6):e70035.","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"issue":"11","key":"8965_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13087","volume":"21","author":"M O'Kane","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Kane M, Parretti HM, Pinkney J, Welbourn R, Hughes CA, Mok J, et al. British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society guidelines on perioperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring and micronutrient replacement for patients undergoing bariatric surgery-2020 update. Obes Rev. 2020;21(11):e13087.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"8965_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaf132","volume":"112","author":"I Saarinen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saarinen I, Strandberg M, Hurme S, Helmi\u00f6 M, Gr\u00f6nroos S, Juuti A, et al. Nutritional deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at 10 years: secondary analysis of the SLEEVEPASS randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg. 2025;112(7):znaf132.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"8965_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2023.05.025","volume":"19","author":"LR Butler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Butler LR, Chen KA, Hsu J, Kapadia MR, Gomez SM, Farrell TM. Predicting readmission after bariatric surgery using machine learning. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2023;19(11):1236\u201344.","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"8965_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020001880","volume":"4","author":"Z Gowanlock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gowanlock Z, Lezhanska A, Conroy M, Crowther M, Tiboni M, Mbuagbaw L, et al. Iron deficiency following bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort study. Blood Adv. 2020;4(15):3639\u201347.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"8965_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.679066","volume":"12","author":"J Sandvik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandvik J, Bjerkan KK, Gr\u00e6slie H, Hoff DAL, Johnsen G, Kl\u00f6ckner C, et al. Iron deficiency and anemia 10 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for severe obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:679066.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"7","key":"8965_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071211","volume":"17","author":"V Calcaterra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Calcaterra V, Cena H, Bolpagni F, Taranto S, Vincenti A, Madini N, et al. The Interplay Between Iron Metabolism and Insulin Resistance: A Key Factor in Optimizing Obesity Management in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients. 2025;17(7):1211.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"8965_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00807-6","volume":"19","author":"L Valenti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valenti L, Corradini E, Adams LA, Aigner E, Alqahtani S, Arrese M, et al. Consensus statement on the definition and classification of metabolic hyperferritinaemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023;19(5):299\u2013310.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Obesity Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11695-026-08965-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11695-026-08965-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11695-026-08965-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:36:15Z","timestamp":1793108175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11695-026-08965-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["8965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-026-08965-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-8923","1708-0428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-8923","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-0428","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the IRB of Hospital 1 (approval number blinded for peer review).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}