{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:30:53Z","timestamp":1787931053456,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52475040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52475040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Teaching Reform Research Project for Regular Undergraduate Colleges in Hunan Province","award":["2024jy054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024jy054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Robotic Surg"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-025-02866-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T04:27:39Z","timestamp":1759984059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A head-mounted mixed reality platform for robotic flexible endoscope control in minimally invasive cholecystectomy: an animal feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xinan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianchang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2866_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20250059","DOI":"10.1515\/ohe-2025-0059","volume":"6","author":"Z Qadrie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qadrie Z, Maqbool M, Dar MA et al (2025) Navigating challenges and maximizing potential: handling complications and constraints in minimally invasive surgery. Open Health 6(1):20250059","journal-title":"Open Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2866_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113329","volume":"13","author":"TY Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang TY, Wang MY (2024) Advances and challenges in minimally invasive spine surgery. J Clin Med 13(11):3329","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2866_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-023-10554-4","volume":"38","author":"M Boal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boal M, Di Girasole CG, Tesfai F et al (2024) Evaluation status of current and emerging minimally invasive robotic surgical platforms. Surg Endosc 38(2):554\u2013585","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2866_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.11.032","volume":"118","author":"S Gupta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gupta S, McEwen C, Eqbal A et al (2024) Minimally invasive surgery for congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg 118(4):953\u2013962","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2866_CR5","volume":"17","author":"S Laguardia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laguardia S, Piccioni A, Vera JEA et al (2025) A comprehensive review of the role of the latest minimally invasive neurosurgery techniques and outcomes for brain and spinal surgeries. Cureus 17(5):e84682","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2866_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijors.ijors_14_25","author":"A Bandyopadhyay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay A, Keshkar S (2025) Minimal invasive orthopaedic surgery: where we stand now in the year 2025. Int J Orthopaed Surgy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijors.ijors_14_25","journal-title":"Int J Orthopaed Surgy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2866_CR7","volume":"17","author":"EFO Vazquez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vazquez EFO, Victoria JCL, L\u00f3pez GAC et al (2025) Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery and enhanced recovery and outcomes: a literature review. Cureus 17(5):e84814","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"2866_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11432-3","volume":"39","author":"A Pesce","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pesce A, Ram\u00edrez-Giraldo C (2025) Which is the best timing for performing a cholecystectomy after percutaneous cholecystostomy? Surg Endosc 39(1):14\u201315","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2866_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000004337","volume":"97","author":"A Seshadri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seshadri A, Peitzman AB (2024) The difficult cholecystectomy: what you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 97(3):325\u2013336","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2866_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.04.083","volume":"18","author":"F Coccolini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coccolini F, Catena F, Pisano M et al (2015) Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 18:196\u2013204","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2866_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-025-02421-2","volume":"19","author":"Y Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao Y, Li Z, Zhao J et al (2025) A human\u2013AI collaborative framework for surgical field-of-view adjustment: design and experimental validation. J Robot Surg 19(1):259","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2866_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2025.00023","volume":"29","author":"J Dhingra","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhingra J, Beinart N, Ahmed A et al (2025) Clear Vision, Clear Savings: Enhancing Efficiency in Minimally Invasive Surgery. JSLS: J Soc Laparoscop Robot Surg 29(3):e2025-00023","journal-title":"JSLS: J Soc Laparoscop Robot Surg"},{"key":"2866_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-6720202400034e1827","volume":"37","author":"ACB Blitzkow","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blitzkow ACB, Freitas ACTd, Coelho JCU et al (2024) Critical view of safety: a prospective surgical and photographic analysis in laparoscopic cholecystectomy\u2013does it help to prevent iatrogenic lesions? ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (S\u00e3o Paulo) 37:e1827","journal-title":"ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2866_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14020204","volume":"14","author":"H-C Chae","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chae H-C, Kim B-J, Choi YS et al (2024) Efficacy of filter trocar for clear visualization during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Pers Med 14(2):204","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2866_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66715-6","volume":"154","author":"LR Kavoussi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kavoussi LR, Moore RG, Adams JB et al (1995) Comparison of robotic versus human laparoscopic camera control. J Urol 154(6):2134\u20132136","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2866_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5210-5","volume":"31","author":"C Nilsson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nilsson C, Sorensen JL, Konge L et al (2017) Simulation-based camera navigation training in laparoscopy\u2014a randomized trial. Surg Endosc 31:2131\u20132139","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2866_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)00055-0","volume":"177","author":"K Omote","year":"1999","unstructured":"Omote K, Feussner H, Ungeheuer A et al (1999) Self-guided robotic camera control for laparoscopic surgery compared with human camera control. Am J Surg 177(4):321\u2013324","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2866_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2025.3590483","author":"SG Pereira","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pereira SG, Morais P, Lima E et al (2025) Innovative medical navigation interfaces in laparoscopic control: a systematic review. IEEE Trans Med Robot Bionics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMRB.2025.3590483","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Robot Bionics"},{"key":"2866_CR19","first-page":"4","volume":"132","author":"S Ali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ali S, Reisner LA, King B et al (2008) Eye gaze tracking for endoscopic camera positioning: an application of a hardware\/software interface developed to automate Aesop. Stud Health Technol Informat 132:4","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Informat"},{"issue":"3","key":"2866_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3722121","volume":"14","author":"S Basha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Basha S, Anbatawi M, Abdurahiman N et al (2025) Evaluating human-robot interfaces for maneuvering surgical laparoscopes using robotic scope assistant systems. ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 14(3):1\u201320","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction"},{"issue":"2","key":"2866_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.35629\/076X-12024656","volume":"12","author":"A Desai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Desai A, Singh A, Patel S et al (2025) Robotics in oral and maxillofacial surgery-a review. J Med Dental Sci Res 12(2):46\u201356","journal-title":"J Med Dental Sci Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2866_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1308\/003588409X392162","volume":"91","author":"J Gilbert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gilbert J (2009) The EndoAssist\u2122 robotic camera holder as an aid to the introduction of laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Ann Royal Coll Surg Eng 91(5):389\u2013393","journal-title":"Ann Royal Coll Surg Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"2866_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.02.003","volume":"68","author":"AA Wagner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wagner AA, Varkarakis IM, Link RE et al (2006) Comparison of surgical performance during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy of two robotic camera holders, EndoAssist and AESOP: a pilot study. Urology 68(1):70\u201374","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2866_CR24","first-page":"1267","volume":"16","author":"S Aiono","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aiono S, Gilbert J, Soin B et al (2002) Controlled trial of the introduction of a robotic camera assistant (Endo Assist) for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech 16(9):1267\u20131270","journal-title":"Surg Endosc Other Interv Tech"},{"issue":"6","key":"2866_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09656.x","volume":"107","author":"JU Stolzenburg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stolzenburg JU, Franz T, Kallidonis P et al (2011) Comparison of the FreeHand\u00ae robotic camera holder with human assistants during endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 107(6):970\u2013974","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2866_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson O, Arulampalam T. The FreeHand system [M]. Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery. Elsevier. 2020: 57\u201378.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814245-5.00004-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"2866_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/13645706.2019.1576052","volume":"29","author":"R Mittal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mittal R, Sbaih M, Motson RW et al (2020) Use of a robotic camera holder (FreeHand\u00ae) for laparoscopic appendicectomy. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 29(1):56\u201360","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2866_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1716","volume":"12","author":"RD Ellis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ellis RD, Munaco AJ, Reisner LA et al (2016) Task analysis of laparoscopic camera control schemes. Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg 12(4):576\u2013584","journal-title":"Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg"},{"key":"2866_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weede O, Bihlmaier A, Hutzl J, et al. Towards cognitive medical robotics in minimal invasive surgery [C]. Proceedings of the Proceedings of Conference on Advances In Robotics, 2013.","DOI":"10.1145\/2506095.2506137"},{"key":"2866_CR30","unstructured":"Lee C, Wang Y-F, Uecker D R, et al. Image analysis for automated tracking in robot-assisted endoscopic surgery [C]. Proceedings of the Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition: IEEE Computer Society, 1994."},{"issue":"6","key":"2866_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-712X(1995)1:6<308::AID-IGS3>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"1","author":"DR Uecker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Uecker DR, Wang Y, Lee C et al (1995) Automated instrument tracking in robotically assisted laparoscopic surgery. J Image Guid Surg 1(6):308\u2013325","journal-title":"J Image Guid Surg"},{"key":"2866_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speidel S, Delles M, Gutt C, et al. Tracking of instruments in minimally invasive surgery for surgical skill analysis [C]. Proceedings of the Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality: Third International Workshop, Shanghai, China, August 17\u201318, 2006 Proceedings 3: Springer, 2006.","DOI":"10.1007\/11812715_19"},{"key":"2866_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zinchenko K, Komarov O, Song K-T. Virtual reality control of a robotic camera holder for minimally invasive surgery [C]. Proceedings of the 2017 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC): IEEE, 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASCC.2017.8287302"},{"key":"2866_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budjakoski N, Schneider D, Song T, et al. Design and Effectiveness of Virtual Monitors and AR-Based Endoscope Control for Robotically Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery [C]. Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA): IEEE, 2025.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA55743.2025.11128626"},{"issue":"12","key":"2866_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481408001227","volume":"80","author":"Y Matsui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsui Y, Ryota H, Sakaguchi T et al (2014) Comparison of a flexible-tip laparoscope with a rigid straight laparoscope for single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 80(12):1245\u20131249","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2866_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelaal A E, Hong N, Avinash A, et al. Orientation Matters: 6-DoF Autonomous Camera Movement for Video-based Skill Assessment in Robot-Assisted Surgery [C]. Proceedings of the 2022 9th IEEE RAS\/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob), 2022.","DOI":"10.1109\/BioRob52689.2022.9925374"},{"issue":"10","key":"2866_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-004-8282-6","volume":"19","author":"J Perrone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Perrone J, Ames C, Yan Y et al (2005) Evaluation of surgical performance with standard rigid and flexible-tip laparoscopes. Surg Endosc 19(10):1325\u20131328","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Robotic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11701-025-02866-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11701-025-02866-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11701-025-02866-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T01:23:34Z","timestamp":1767489814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11701-025-02866-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-025-02866-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Central South University (approval number: XMSB-2024\u20130373).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The manuscript does not contain any individual person\u2019s data.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"670"}}