{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:17:12Z","timestamp":1781619432514,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Robotic Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minimally invasive approaches, including laparoscopic (LARN) and robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN), have gained adoption over open surgery (ORN) for renal cancer, despite RARN\u2019s higher costs. This contemporary study evaluates trends in RARN, LARN, and ORN use and compares their hospital costs, clinical complications, and mortality rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (2016\u20132019) were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Procedures were classified as RARN, LARN, or ORN using ICD-10 and Procedure Coding System codes. Patient demographics and comorbidities, hospital characteristics, length of stay (LOS), clinical complications, and hospital costs were analyzed. Trends in utilization were assessed, and regression models adjusted for patient and hospital factors examined associations between surgical approach and inpatient perioperative outcomes, including complications, mortality, LOS, and hospital costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 154,115 patients, 39.5% underwent LARN, 25.7% RARN, and 34.8% ORN. Annual RARN utilization increased (21.8% to 29.6%), while LARN declined (44.8% to 35.2%). RARN was more common in older and comorbid patients. Median costs were lowest for LARN ($13,950) compared to RARN ($16,771) and ORN ($17,821). Both RARN and LARN had lower inpatient perioperative complications, blood transfusion rates, and mortality than ORN. RARN and LARN were associated with reduced LOS and costs relative to ORN. While RARN was 15% more expensive than LARN, it had 5% shorter LOS. A limitation was the absence of tumor characteristic data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RARN and LARN are increasingly used and both demonstrated better inpatient perioperative outcomes than ORN. However, RARN offers no clear clinical advantage over LARN and remains more costly than LARN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-025-02995-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T02:48:32Z","timestamp":1763952512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of Robotic-Assisted, Laparoscopic, and open radical nephrectomy: Utilization, Costs, and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-0064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Y.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costas D.","family":"Lallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raegan M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9428-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott W.","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inkyu K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3344-7592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anushka","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2972-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasheed A. 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The Thomas Jefferson University Institutional Review Board reviewed this study and determined it does not constitute human subjects\u2019 research (IRB Letter, determination date: October 17, 2023). As such, ethics approval and informed consent were not required in accordance with institutional policies and U.S. federal regulations (45 CFR 46).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Preliminary results of this study have been presented at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the Mid-Atlantic Section of the American Urological Association, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, USA, September 7, 2024, and at the 2025 International Society Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Annual International Meeting, Montreal, Canada, May 14, 2025.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}}],"article-number":"41"}}