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Dr. Michael Zervos reports financial relationship with Intuitive Surgical that includes speaking, lecture fees and training courses. Dr. Cerfolio reports equity in Fruit Street, Informed Inc., and NovaNav; intellectual property related to Tego; and consulting and advisory roles with Informed Inc., NovaNav, various Publishers, Commend Corporation, Intuitive Surgical, and Johnson & Johnson; serves as CEO and Resident of Rolo-7, C\u2074, and Coop-Lor-Corporation. Costas Bizekis reports honoraria from Medtronic, Steris, and Boston Scientific. Dr. Chang reports honoraria from AtriCure and Intuitive Surgical and prior advisory board service for AstraZeneca. All other authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Statement\n                      .","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}},{"value":"Dr. Michael Zervos served as the Principal Investigator, and Dr. Cerfolio as a Sub-Investigator for a prospective, multi-center trial evaluating the da Vinci SP\n                      \u00ae\n                      system. Dr. Michael Zervos reports financial relationship with Intuitive Surgical that includes speaking, lecture fees and training courses. Dr. Cerfolio reports equity in Fruit Street, Informed Inc., and NovaNav; intellectual property related to Tego; and consulting and advisory roles with Informed Inc., NovaNav, various Publishers, Commend Corporation, Intuitive Surgical, and Johnson & Johnson; serves as CEO and Resident of Rolo-7, C\u2074, and Coop-Lor-Corporation. Costas Bizekis reports honoraria from Medtronic, Steris, and Boston Scientific. Dr. Chang reports honoraria from AtriCure and Intuitive Surgical and prior advisory board service for AstraZeneca. All other authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the NYU Langone Health Institutional Review Board on November 3, 2025 (IRB# i25-01294).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional Review Board Approval"}},{"value":"This quality improvement study was IRB-exempt with a waiver of informed consent (NYU Langone Health, IRB #i25-01294).","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"470"}}