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This review synthesizes current evidence on the use of artificial intelligence for intraoperative bleeding monitoring, with a particular focus on performance, feasibility, and clinical integration. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, Embase, and grey literature identified studies published between 2016 and 2025 that applied artificial intelligence to bleeding prediction, detection, localization, tracking, and quantitative blood-loss estimation during conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Data relating to study design, model architectures, evaluation metrics, latency, and integration feasibility were extracted and summarized narratively. Across the included studies, artificial intelligence models demonstrated high detection accuracy in predominantly single-centre, retrospective, or simulation-based settings, with several approaches reporting promising real-time feasibility under controlled experimental conditions. Emerging work also explored bleeding source tracking, blood-loss estimation, and early integration into surgical workflows. However, most studies relied on small, single-center datasets and retrospective validation, limiting generalizability and clinical translation. Overall, artificial intelligence\u2013based bleeding monitoring in conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery shows increasing technical maturity and potential, though largely unvalidated in prospective clinical settings. Future research should prioritize large, multi-institutional datasets, prospective clinical evaluation, and optimized low-latency deployment within real surgical workflows to support safe and effective intraoperative use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-026-03469-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T01:38:04Z","timestamp":1779500284000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AI-based automated bleeding monitoring in conventional and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Prosper","family":"Magara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudesh","family":"Sivarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamees","family":"Ras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Biyabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Blocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majahonkhe","family":"Shabangu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bessie","family":"Malila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54433","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.54433.","volume":"16","author":"MJ Patil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patil MJ, Gharde P, Reddy K, Nayak K (2024) Comparative analysis of laparoscopic versus open procedures in specific general surgical interventions. 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The Information Regulator confirmed that the enforcement powers of POPIA would take effect on 1 July 2021. https:\/\/www.gov.za\/news\/media-statements\/information-regulator-deadline-registration-information-officers-and-deputy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Robotic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11701-026-03469-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11701-026-03469-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11701-026-03469-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T01:38:08Z","timestamp":1779500288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11701-026-03469-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-026-03469-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"522"}}