{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:59:46Z","timestamp":1790614786642,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Robotic Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Robotic surgery is an advanced form of minimally invasive surgery, and its use has continued to grow worldwide. Despite this, undergraduate medical education has not expanded at the same rate, and formal exposure to robotic surgery remains limited in many settings, including Oman. A structured educational needs assessment is an important first step in curriculum development. Understanding medical students\u2019 perceived knowledge, attitudes, and preferred learning approaches can help guide the introduction of robotic surgery into undergraduate and postgraduate training. This study therefore aimed to assess medical students\u2019 perceived knowledge, attitudes, and curriculum preferences regarding robotic surgery in medical training in Oman. This cross-sectional observational study used a validated questionnaire adapted from a published robotic-surgery study and distributed electronically to medical students at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU). It was used as a local educational needs-assessment tool to examine students\u2019 perceived knowledge, attitudes, and preferred learning approaches regarding robotic surgery. Convenience sampling was used. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0, and\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 519 medical students were included in the study. Although 71.5% had heard of robotic surgery, 87.3% felt that their knowledge of the field was insufficient. Greater precision was identified most often as an advantage (67.2%), whereas higher cost was the most frequently reported disadvantage (82.3%). Some students remained hesitant about undergoing robotic surgery themselves. Despite this, support for incorporating robotic surgery into training was high, with 81.3% favouring its inclusion in the MD curriculum and 88.2% supporting its inclusion in residency training. Simulation-based teaching was the preferred learning method (73.5%), followed by attending robotic procedures during surgical rotations (66.5%). Most respondents also believed that Oman should invest in robotic surgery. Medical students in Oman generally had a positive view of robotic surgery, but self-perceived knowledge gaps and cost concerns remain. Robotic surgery education could therefore be introduced gradually, beginning with basic concepts, patient counselling, simulation-based learning, and supervised clinical exposure. These findings may help guide the curricular integration of this subject into undergraduate and postgraduate medical training in Oman.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-026-04008-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:06:12Z","timestamp":1790564772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medical students\u2019 perceptions and curriculum preferences for robotic surgery in Oman: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Lawati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8764-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azzan","family":"Al-Wahshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5604-3724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubna","family":"Al-Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5595-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Abduwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3469-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Al-Sibayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5793-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al-Rawahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2741-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Said","family":"Al-Busafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Al-Qadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4008_CR1","volume-title":"Schwartz\u2019s Principles of Surgery","author":"FC Brunicardi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brunicardi FC, Andersen D, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Kao LS, Hunter JG et al (2019) Schwartz\u2019s Principles of Surgery, 11th edn. McGraw-Hill Education, New York","edition":"11"},{"key":"4008_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-53594-0","volume-title":"Robotic Surgery","author":"F Gharagozloo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gharagozloo F, Patel VR, Giulianotti PC, Poston R, Gruessner RWG, Meyer M (2021) Robotic Surgery, 2nd edn. Springer, Cham","edition":"2"},{"key":"4008_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062760","volume":"90","author":"B Jaffray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jaffray B (2005) Minimally invasive surgery. Arch Dis Child 90:537\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.2004.062760","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"4008_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9711","volume":"102","author":"M Diana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diana M, Marescaux J (2015) Robotic surgery. Br J Surg 102(2):e15\u2013e28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.9711","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4008_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-010-0202-2","volume":"4","author":"S Kalan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalan S, Chauhan S, Coelho RF, Orvieto MA, Camacho IR, Palmer KJ, Patel VR (2010) History of robotic surgery. J Robot Surg 4(3):141\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-010-0202-2","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"4008_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-007-9727-5","volume":"22","author":"DM Herron","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herron DM, Marohn M, SAGES-MIRA Robotic Surgery Consensus Group (2008) A consensus document on robotic surgery. Surg Endosc 22(2):313\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-007-9727-5","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"11","key":"4008_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12492","volume":"68","author":"A Hussain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hussain A, Malik A, Halim MU, Ali AM (2014) The use of robotics in surgery: a review. Int J Clin Pract 68(11):1376\u20131382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcp.12492","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"4008_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2024.0016","volume":"159","author":"N Lunardi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lunardi N, Abou-Zamzam A, Florecki KL, Chidambaram S, Shih IF, Kent AJ, Joseph B, Byrne JP, Sakran JV (2024) Robotic technology in emergency general surgery cases in the era of minimally invasive surgery. JAMA Surg 159(5):493\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2024.0016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"4008_CR9","unstructured":"Intuitive Surgical Inc. (2024) Annual report (Form 10-K) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission"},{"key":"4008_CR10","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Sultanate of Oman. Royal Hospital performs Oman\u2019s first robotic surgery, marking a major leap in medical innovation. 8 (2025) November https:\/\/moh.gov.om\/en\/media-center\/health-achievements\/royal-hospital-performs-oman-s-first-robotic-surgery-marking-a-major-leap-in-medical-innovation\/"},{"key":"4008_CR11","volume-title":"Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kern DE, Thomas PA, Hughes MT (eds) (2015) Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach, 3rd edn. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"4008_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-025-02667-w","volume":"19","author":"J El-Mohamed","year":"2025","unstructured":"El-Mohamed J, Ahmadipour M, Warrier S, Costello AJ, Hii M, Mohan H (2025) Robotic surgical curriculum for medical students: a scoping review. J Robot Surg 19(1):496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-025-02667-w","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4008_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-022-01508-4","volume":"17","author":"AL Greenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Greenberg AL, Syed SM, Alseidi A, O\u2019Sullivan PS, Chern H (2023) Robotic training for medical students: feasibility of a pilot simulation curriculum. J Robot Surg 17(3):1029\u20131038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-022-01508-4","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4008_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_182_23","volume":"23","author":"AA AlNaim","year":"2024","unstructured":"AlNaim AA, AlNaim N, Al Nasser F, Albash L, Almulhim M, Albinsaad L (2024) Public\u2019s perception and knowledge of using robotics in general surgery in Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia. Ann Afr Med 23(3):299\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_182_23","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"4008_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238212052110664","DOI":"10.1177\/23821205211066483","volume":"9","author":"I Sultan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sultan I, Bardi MF, Baatta AM, Almaghrabi S, Mohammed RA (2022) Medical students\u2019 attitude towards robotic surgery: a cross-sectional survey. J Med Educ Curric Dev 9:23821205211066483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23821205211066483","journal-title":"J Med Educ Curric Dev"},{"key":"4008_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joiya RS (2025) Awareness, perception, knowledge, and attitude toward robotic surgery amongst medical and non-medical population of Lahore. Br J Surg 112(Suppl 10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjs\/znaf128.469. znaf128.469","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaf128.469"},{"issue":"1","key":"4008_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-024-01847-4","volume":"18","author":"G Chand","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chand G, Singh S, Dhiraaj S, Kumar B, Shetty A, Halemani K, Ghatak T (2024) Perception of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Robot Surg 18(1):95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-024-01847-4","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4008_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_113_24","volume":"24","author":"YA Alhamaid","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alhamaid YA, Alessa MY, Alhanfoush M et al (2025) Healthcare students\u2019 attitude toward robotic surgery: a cross-sectional survey. Ann Afr Med 24(4):729\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aam.aam_113_24","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4008_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1918911","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18911","volume":"3","author":"KH Sheetz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheetz KH, Claflin J, Dimick JB (2020) Trends in the adoption of robotic surgery for common surgical procedures. JAMA Netw Open 3(1):e1918911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.18911","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"4008_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-023-01716-6","volume":"17","author":"N Barkati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barkati N, Ntefeh N, Okasha A et al (2023) Robotic assisted surgery in the United Arab Emirates: healthcare experts\u2019 perceptions. J Robot Surg 17:2799\u20132806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-023-01716-6","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"4008_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0273696","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273696","volume":"17","author":"L Lawrie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lawrie L, Gillies K, Duncan E, Davies L, Beard D et al (2022) Barriers and enablers to the effective implementation of robotic assisted surgery. PLoS ONE 17(8):e0273696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273696","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"4008_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E575","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2023.575","volume":"25","author":"RD Rosen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosen RD, Edelman DA (2023) Should organizational investment in robotic surgical technology ever influence surgeons\u2019 decisions about surgical approach to patients\u2019 care? AMA J Ethics 25(8):E575\u2013E582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/amajethics.2023.575","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Robotic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11701-026-04008-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11701-026-04008-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11701-026-04008-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:04:35Z","timestamp":1790611475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11701-026-04008-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-026-04008-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-2491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-2491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University (MREC#3519).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Institutional Review Board Statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1033"}}