{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:59:32Z","timestamp":1791896372832,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-008-0201-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T16:05:00Z","timestamp":1226419500000},"page":"137-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Emergency reversal of antithrombotic treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Marcel","family":"Levi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0652","volume":"133","author":"J Hirsh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hirsh J, Guyatt G, Albers GW, Harrington R, Schunemann HJ (2008) Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edn). Chest 133:110S\u2013112S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra067742","volume":"356","author":"PM Mannucci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mannucci PM, Levi M (2007) Prevention and treatment of major blood loss. N Engl J Med 356:2301\u20132311","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"201_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0674","volume":"133","author":"S Schulman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schulman S, Beyth RJ, Kearon C, Levine MN (2008) Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edn). Chest 133:257S\u2013298S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.612812","volume":"114","author":"JW Eikelboom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eikelboom JW, Mehta SR, Anand SS, Xie C, Fox KA, Yusuf S (2006) Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 114:774\u2013782","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"201_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70685-8","volume":"6","author":"A Algra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Algra A (2007) Medium intensity oral anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 6:115\u2013124","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"201_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0689","volume":"133","author":"J Hirsh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hirsh J, Bauer KA, Donati MB, Gould M, Samama MM, Weitz JI (2008) Parenteral anticoagulants: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edn). Chest 133:141S\u2013159S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(87)90343-4","volume":"48","author":"B Lindblad","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lindblad B, Borgstrom A, Wakefield TW, Whitehouse WM Jr, Stanley JC (1987) Protamine reversal of anticoagulation achieved with a low molecular weight heparin. The effects on eicosanoids, clotting and complement factors. Thromb Res 48:31\u201340","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"201_CR8","first-page":"139","volume":"16","author":"S Massonnet-Castel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Massonnet-Castel S, Pelissier E, Bara L, Terrier E, Abry B, Guibourt P, Swanson J, Jaulmes B, Carpentier A, Samama M (1986) Partial reversal of low molecular weight heparin (PK 10169) anti-Xa activity by protamine sulfate: in vitro and in vivo study during cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Haemostasis 16:139\u2013146","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"201_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1645207","volume":"63","author":"J Ryn-McKenna Van","year":"1990","unstructured":"Van Ryn-McKenna J, Cai L, Ofosu FA, Hirsh J, Buchanan MR (1990) Neutralization of enoxaparine-induced bleeding by protamine sulfate. Thromb Haemost 63:271\u2013274","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR10","first-page":"155","volume":"21","author":"CJ Bang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bang CJ, Berstad A, Talstad I (1991) Incomplete reversal of enoxaparin-induced bleeding by protamine sulfate. Haemostasis 21:155\u2013160","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"201_CR11","first-page":"172","volume":"295","author":"SN Caplan","year":"1976","unstructured":"Caplan SN, Berkman EM (1976) Letter: protamine sulfate and fish allergy. N Engl J Med 295:172","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"201_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(97)80082-2","volume":"13","author":"SJ Fearn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fearn SJ, Parry AD, Picton AJ, Mortimer AJ, McCollum CN (1997) Should heparin be reversed after carotid endarterectomy? A randomised prospective trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 13:394\u2013397","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"201_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(95)70140-0","volume":"22","author":"MC Mauney","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mauney MC, Buchanan SA, Lawrence WA, Bishop A, Sinclair K, Daniel TM, Tribble CG, Kron IL (1995) Stroke rate is markedly reduced after carotid endarterectomy by avoidance of protamine. J Vasc Surg 22:264\u2013269","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"201_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2008.01.021","volume":"36","author":"D Dellagrammaticas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dellagrammaticas D, Lewis SC, Gough MJ (2008) Is heparin reversal with protamine after carotid endarterectomy dangerous? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36:41\u201344","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"201_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Ambra M (1996) Restoration of the normal coagulation process: advances in therapies to antagonize heparin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 27 (suppl 1):S58\u2013S62","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199600001-00012"},{"key":"201_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199410000-00009","volume":"79","author":"GJ Despotis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Despotis GJ, Summerfield AL, Joist JH, Goodnough LT, Santoro SA, Zimmermann JJ, Lappas DG (1994) In vitro reversal of heparin effect with heparinase: evaluation with whole blood prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in cardiac surgical patients. Anesth Analg 79:670\u2013674","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"201_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199806000-00035","volume":"26","author":"W Tao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tao W, Deyo DJ, Brunston RL Jr, Vertrees RA, Zwischenberger JB (1998) Extracorporeal heparin adsorption following cardiopulmonary bypass with a heparin removal device\u2014an alternative to protamine. Crit Care Med 26:1096\u20131102","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"201_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-32315","volume":"28","author":"HR Buller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buller HR (2002) Treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism: improving outcomes. Semin Thromb Hemost 28(suppl 2):41\u201348","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"201_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-120543","volume":"111","author":"MA Crowther","year":"2008","unstructured":"Crowther MA, Warkentin TE (2008) Bleeding risk and the management of bleeding complications in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy: focus on new anticoagulant agents. Blood 111:4871\u20134879","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"201_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038501.87442.02","volume":"106","author":"NR Bijsterveld","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bijsterveld NR, Moons AH, Boekholdt SM, van Aken BE, Fennema H, Peters RJ, Meijers JC, Buller HR, Levi M (2002) Ability of recombinant factor VIIa to reverse the anticoagulant effect of the pentasaccharide fondaparinux in healthy volunteers. Circulation 106:2550\u20132554","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"201_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2003.04811.x","volume":"124","author":"NR Bijsterveld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bijsterveld NR, Vink R, van Aken BE, Fennema H, Peters RJ, Meijers JC, Buller HR, Levi M (2004) Recombinant factor VIIa reverses the anticoagulant effect of the long-acting pentasaccharide idraparinux in healthy volunteers. Br J Haematol 124:653\u2013658","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"201_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0670","volume":"133","author":"J Ansell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, Jacobson A, Crowther M, Palareti G (2008) Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edn). Chest 133:160S\u2013198S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"201_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01986.x","volume":"4","author":"F Dentali","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dentali F, Ageno W, Crowther M (2006) Treatment of coumarin-associated coagulopathy: a systematic review and proposed treatment algorithms. J Thromb Haemost 4:1853\u20131863","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(98)90020-0","volume":"12","author":"T Baglin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baglin T (1998) Management of warfarin (coumarin) overdose. Blood Rev 12:91\u201398","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"201_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.19.2136","volume":"158","author":"AM Whitling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Whitling AM, Bussey HI, Lyons RM (1998) Comparing different routes and doses of phytonadione for reversing excessive anticoagulation. Arch Intern Med 158:2136\u20132140","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03070.x","volume":"115","author":"HG Watson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Watson HG, Baglin T, Laidlaw SL, Makris M, Preston FE (2001) A comparison of the efficacy and rate of response to oral and intravenous Vitamin K in reversal of over-anticoagulation with warfarin. Br J Haematol 115:145\u2013149","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"201_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-4-200208200-00009","volume":"137","author":"MA Crowther","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crowther MA, Douketis JD, Schnurr T, Steidl L, Mera V, Ultori C, Venco A, Ageno W (2002) Oral vitamin K lowers the international normalized ratio more rapidly than subcutaneous vitamin K in the treatment of warfarin-associated coagulopathy. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 137:251\u2013254","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00005","volume":"126","author":"RT Weibert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weibert RT, Le DT, Kayser SR, Rapaport SI (1997) Correction of excessive anticoagulation with low-dose oral vitamin K1. Ann Intern Med 126:959\u2013962","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00842-X","volume":"83","author":"R Nee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nee R, Doppenschmidt D, Donovan DJ, Andrews TC (1999) Intravenous versus subcutaneous vitamin K1 in reversing excessive oral anticoagulation. Am J Cardiol 83:286\u2013287","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"201_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.22.2721","volume":"159","author":"G Raj","year":"1999","unstructured":"Raj G, Kumar R, McKinney WP (1999) Time course of reversal of anticoagulant effect of warfarin by intravenous and subcutaneous phytonadione. Arch Intern Med 159:2721\u20132724","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2469","volume":"163","author":"A Lubetsky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lubetsky A, Yonath H, Olchovsky D, Loebstein R, Halkin H, Ezra D (2003) Comparison of oral vs intravenous phytonadione (vitamin K1) in patients with excessive anticoagulation: a prospective randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med 163:2469\u20132473","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR32","first-page":"391","volume":"166","author":"KJ Dezee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dezee KJ, Shimeall WT, Douglas KM, Shumway NM, O\u2019malley PG (2006) Treatment of excessive anticoagulation with phytonadione (vitamin K): a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 166:391\u2013397","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-02-0086","volume":"98","author":"JH Geest-Daalderop van","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Geest-Daalderop JH, Hutten BA, Pequeriaux NC, de Vries-Goldschmeding HJ, Rakers E, Levi M (2007) Invasive procedures in the outpatient setting: managing the short-acting acenocoumarol and the long-acting phenprocoumon. Thromb Haemost 98:747\u2013755","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb94070.x","volume":"155","author":"JC Martin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Martin JC (1991) Anaphylactoid reactions and vitamin K. Med J Aust 155:851","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"201_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011237019082","volume":"11","author":"LD Fiore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fiore LD, Scola MA, Cantillon CE, Brophy MT (2001) Anaphylactoid reactions to vitamin K. J Thromb Thrombolysis 11:175\u2013183","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"201_CR36","first-page":"857","volume":"89","author":"F Dentali","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dentali F, Ageno W (2004) Management of coumarin-associated coagulopathy in the non-bleeding patient: a systematic review. Haematologica 89:857\u2013862","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"201_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60970-1","volume":"82","author":"MI Aguilar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aguilar MI, Hart RG, Kase CS, Freeman WD, Hoeben BJ, Garcia RC, Ansell JE, Mayer SA, Norrving B, Rosand J, Steiner T, Wijdicks EF, Yamaguchi T, Yasaka M (2007) Treatment of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage: literature review and expert opinion. Mayo Clin Proc 82:82\u201392","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"201_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1655992","volume":"77","author":"M Makris","year":"1997","unstructured":"Makris M, Greaves M, Phillips WS, Kitchen S, Rosendaal FR, Preston EF (1997) Emergency oral anticoagulant reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy. Thromb Haemost 77:477\u2013480","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.09.002","volume":"115","author":"M Yasaka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yasaka M, Sakata T, Naritomi H, Minematsu K (2005) Optimal dose of prothrombin complex concentrate for acute reversal of oral anticoagulation. Thromb Res 115:455\u2013459","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"201_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330701448529","volume":"12","author":"P Junagade","year":"2007","unstructured":"Junagade P, Grace R, Gover P (2007) Fixed dose prothrombin complex concentrate for the reversal of oral anticoagulation therapy. Hematology 12:439\u2013440","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"201_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van AL, Eijkhout HW, Kamphuis JS, Dam M, Schattenkerk ME, Schouten TJ, Ploeger B, Strengers PF (2006) Individualized dosing regimen for prothrombin complex concentrate more effective than standard treatment in the reversal of oral anticoagulant therapy: an open, prospective randomized controlled trial. Thromb Res 118:313\u2013320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2005.08.005"},{"key":"201_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01815.x","volume":"4","author":"MW Lankiewicz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lankiewicz MW, Hays J, Friedman KD, Tinkoff G, Blatt PM (2006) Urgent reversal of warfarin with prothrombin complex concentrate. J Thromb Haemost 4:967\u2013970","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01944.x","volume":"4","author":"CM Kessler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kessler CM (2006) Urgent reversal of warfarin with prothrombin complex concentrate: where are the evidence-based data? J Thromb Haemost 4:963\u2013966","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.02904.x","volume":"6","author":"I Pabinger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pabinger I, Brenner B, Kalina U, Knaub S, Nagy A, Ostermann H (2008) Prothrombin complex concentrate (Beriplex P\/N) for emergency anticoagulation reversal: a prospective multinational clinical trial. J Thromb Haemost 6:622\u2013631","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21046","volume":"83","author":"CA Leissinger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leissinger CA, Blatt PM, Hoots WK, Ewenstein B (2008) Role of prothrombin complex concentrates in reversing warfarin anticoagulation: a review of the literature. Am J Hematol 83:137\u2013143","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"201_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000281468.94108.4B","volume":"35","author":"M Levi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levi M (2007) Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Crit Care Med 35:2191\u20132195","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"201_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199811000-00003","volume":"9","author":"E Erhardtsen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Erhardtsen E, Nony P, Dechavanne M, Ffrench P, Boissel JP, Hedner U (1998) The effect of recombinant factor VIIa (NovoSeven) in healthy volunteers receiving acenocoumarol to an International Normalized Ratio above 2.0. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 9:741\u2013748","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"201_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.8.1091","volume":"26","author":"WE Dager","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dager WE, King JH, Regalia RC, Williamson D, Gosselin RC, White RH, Tharratt RS, Albertson TE (2006) Reversal of elevated international normalized ratios and bleeding with low-dose recombinant activated factor VII in patients receiving warfarin. Pharmacotherapy 26:1091\u20131098","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"201_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00009","volume":"137","author":"RA Deveras","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deveras RA, Kessler CM (2002) Reversal of warfarin-induced excessive anticoagulation with recombinant human factor VIIa concentrate. Ann Intern Med 137:884\u2013888","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200307000-00007","volume":"14","author":"B Sorensen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sorensen B, Johansen P, Nielsen GL, Sorensen JC, Ingerslev J (2003) Reversal of the International Normalized Ratio with recombinant activated factor VII in central nervous system bleeding during warfarin thromboprophylaxis: clinical and biochemical aspects. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 14:469\u2013477","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"201_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2004.11.009","volume":"16","author":"M Levi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levi M (2005) New antithrombotics in the treatment of thromboembolic disease. Eur J Intern Med 16:230\u2013237","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.13.1451","volume":"162","author":"N Strebel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Strebel N, Prins M, Agnelli G, Buller HR (2002) Preoperative or postoperative start of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism with low-molecular-weight heparin in elective hip surgery? Arch Intern Med 162:1451\u20131456","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2002.tb00081.x","volume":"20","author":"KA Bauer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bauer KA, Hawkins DW, Peters PC, Petitou M, Herbert JM, van Boeckel CA, Meuleman DG (2002) Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide: the first in a new class of antithrombotic agents\u2014the selective factor Xa inhibitors. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 20:37\u201352","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drug Rev"},{"key":"201_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.18.2215","volume":"161","author":"JA Heit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heit JA, Colwell CW, Francis CW, Ginsberg JS, Berkowitz SD, Whipple J, Peters G (2001) Comparison of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran with enoxaparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement: a phase 2 dose-finding study. Arch Intern Med 161:2215\u20132221","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0802.104331","volume":"105","author":"JI Weitz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weitz JI, Buller HR (2002) Direct thrombin inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: present and future. Circulation 105:1004\u20131011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"201_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(02)00259-1","volume":"107","author":"K Wahlander","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wahlander K, Lapidus L, Olsson CG, Thuresson A, Eriksson UG, Larson G, Eriksson H (2002) Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical effects of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran in acute treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 107:93\u201399","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"201_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61445-7","volume":"370","author":"BI Eriksson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Rosencher N, Kurth AA, van Dijk CN, Frostick SP, Prins MH, Hettiarachchi R, Hantel S, Schnee J, Buller HR (2007) Dabigatran etexilate versus enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 370:949\u2013956","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"201_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woltz M, Levi M, Sarich TC, Bostrom SL, Ericksson UG, Erikkson M, Svensson M, Weitz JI, Elg M, Wahlander K (2004) Effect of recombinant factor VIIa on melagatran-induced inhibition of thrombin generation and platelet activation in healthy volunteers Thromb Haemost 91(6):1090\u20131096","DOI":"10.1160\/TH03-09-0605"},{"key":"201_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.668020","volume":"116","author":"G Agnelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Agnelli G, Gallus A, Goldhaber SZ, Haas S, Huisman MV, Hull RD, Kakkar AK, Misselwitz F, Schellong S (2007) Treatment of proximal deep-vein thrombosis with the oral direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939): the ODIXa-DVT (Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor BAY 59-7939 in patients with acute symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis) study. Circulation 116:180\u2013187","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"201_CR60","first-page":"1020","volume":"9","author":"E Shantsila","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shantsila E, Lip GY (2008) Apixaban, an oral, direct inhibitor of activated Factor Xa. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 9:1020\u20131033","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"201_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.5.2149","volume":"93","author":"P Stassens","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stassens P, Bergum PW, Gansemans Y, Jespers L, Laroche Y, Huang S, Maki S, Messens J, Lauwereys M, Cappello M, Hotez PJ, Lasters I, Vlasuk GP (1996) Anticoagulant repertoire of the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:2149\u20132154","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"201_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00478-9","volume":"41","author":"AH Moons","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moons AH, Peters RJ, Bijsterveld NR, Piek JJ, Prins MH, Vlasuk GP, Rote WE, Buller HR (2003) Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of the tissue factor\/factor VIIa complex, in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:2147\u20132153","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"201_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee A, Agnelli G, Buller H, Ginsberg J, Heit J, Rote W, Vlasuk G, Costantini L, Julian J, Comp P, van der MJ, Piovella F, Raskob G, Gent M (2001) Dose-response study of recombinant factor VIIa\/tissue factor inhibitor recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee replacement. Circulation 104:74\u201378","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2601.091386"},{"key":"201_CR64","first-page":"S7","volume":"49","author":"GA Allen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Allen GA, Hoffman M, Roberts HR, Monroe DM III (2002) Recombinant activated factor VII: its mechanism of action and role in the control of hemorrhage. Can J Anaesth 49:S7\u2013S14","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"201_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00017.x","volume":"42","author":"U Hedner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hedner U, Erhardtsen E (2002) Potential role for rFVIIa in transfusion medicine. Transfusion 42:114\u2013124","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"201_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.21.2555","volume":"103","author":"PW Friederich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Friederich PW, Levi M, Bauer KA, Vlasuk GP, Rote WE, Breederveld D, Keller T, Spataro M, Barzegar S, Buller HR (2001) Ability of recombinant factor VIIa to generate thrombin during inhibition of tissue factor in human subjects. Circulation 103:2555\u20132559","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"201_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0672","volume":"133","author":"C Patrono","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patrono C, Baigent C, Hirsh J, Roth G (2008) Antiplatelet drugs: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edn). Chest 133:199S\u2013233S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"201_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/B:THRO.0000036025.07348.f1","volume":"17","author":"JC Merritt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Merritt JC, Bhatt DL (2004) The efficacy and safety of perioperative antiplatelet therapy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 17:21\u201327","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"201_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.11.041","volume":"45","author":"E Ferrari","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferrari E, Benhamou M, Cerboni P, Marcel B (2005) Coronary syndromes following aspirin withdrawal: a special risk for late stent thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:456\u2013459","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"201_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-2-228","volume":"103","author":"DW Richardson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Richardson DW, Robinson AG (1985) Desmopressin. Ann Intern Med 103:228\u2013239","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"201_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4594","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3566","volume":"102","author":"RA Reiter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reiter RA, Mayr F, Blazicek H, Galehr E, Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Domanovits H, Jilma B (2003) Desmopressin antagonizes the in vitro platelet dysfunction induced by GPIIb\/IIIa inhibitors and aspirin. Blood 102:4594\u20134599","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"201_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anonymous (1996) A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee (see comments). Lancet 348:1329\u20131339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09457-3"},{"key":"201_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010746","volume":"345","author":"S Yusuf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK (2001) Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 345:494\u2013502","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"201_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21124","volume":"69","author":"CL Grines","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grines CL, Bonow RO, Casey DE Jr, Gardner TJ, Lockhart PB, Moliterno DJ, O\u2019Gara P, Whitlow P (2007) Prevention of premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery stents: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, American College of Surgeons, and American Dental Association, with representation from the American College of Physicians. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 69:334\u2013340","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"201_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02245.x","volume":"5","author":"G Vilahur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vilahur G, Choi BG, Zafar MU, Viles-Gonzalez JF, Vorchheimer DA, Fuster V, Badimon JJ (2007) Normalization of platelet reactivity in clopidogrel-treated subjects. J Thromb Haemost 5:82\u201390","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"201_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2008-1092","volume":"39","author":"B Leithauser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leithauser B, Zielske D, Seyfert UT, Jung F (2008) Effects of desmopressin on platelet membrane glycoproteins and platelet aggregation in volunteers on clopidogrel. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 39:293\u2013302","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"201_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.04021.x","volume":"45","author":"R Reiter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reiter R, Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Horvath M, Jilma B (2005) Additive effects between platelet concentrates and desmopressin in antagonizing the platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor eptifibatide. Transfusion 45:420\u2013426","journal-title":"Transfusion"}],"container-title":["Internal and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-008-0201-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11739-008-0201-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-008-0201-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,10]],"date-time":"2020-05-10T04:07:26Z","timestamp":1589083646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11739-008-0201-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-008-0201-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1828-0447","type":"print"},{"value":"1970-9366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]}}}