{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:27:04Z","timestamp":1761514024300},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497571200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-017-1683-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T11:58:59Z","timestamp":1497614339000},"page":"577-585","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vasculitis for the internist: focus on ANCA-associated vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Chaigne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Guillevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-013-0869-6","volume":"17","author":"JC Jennette","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jennette JC (2013) Overview of the 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of vasculitides. Clin Exp Nephrol 17:603\u2013606. doi:\n                        10.1007\/s10157-013-0869-6","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"1683_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.11.010","volume":"15","author":"J-B Fraison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fraison J-B, S\u00e8ve P, Dauphin C et al (2016) Kawasaki disease in adults: observations in France and literature review. Autoimmun Rev 15:242\u2013249. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.11.010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1683_CR3","first-page":"S-77\u201383","volume":"33","author":"C Pagnoux","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pagnoux C, Carette S, Khalidi NA et al (2015) Comparability of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis enrolled in clinical trials or in observational cohorts. Clin Exp Rheumatol 33:S-77\u201383","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"1683_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.02.003","volume":"14","author":"A Audemard-Verger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Audemard-Verger A, Pillebout E, Guillevin L et al (2015) IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Sh\u00f6nlein purpura) in adults: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Autoimmun Rev 14:579\u2013585. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.02.003","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1683_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38956","author":"M Jachiet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jachiet M, Flageul B, Deroux A et al (2014) The clinical spectrum and therapeutic management of hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis: data from a French nationwide study of 57 patients. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ). doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.38956","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ)"},{"key":"1683_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu271","volume":"53","author":"L Quartuccio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Quartuccio L, Isola M, Corazza L et al (2014) Validation of the classification criteria for cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 53:2209\u20132213. doi:\n                        10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu271","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1683_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37721","volume":"65","author":"C Comarmond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Comarmond C, Pagnoux C, Khellaf M et al (2013) Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): clinical characteristics and long-term followup of the 383 patients enrolled in the French Vasculitis Study Group cohort. Arthritis Rheum 65:270\u2013281. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.37721","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR8","first-page":"S121","volume":"34","author":"B Chaigne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaigne B, Guillevin L (2016) Unsolved questions and concerns about treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides. Clin Exp Rheumatol 34:S121\u2013S128","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"1683_CR9","unstructured":"Kussmaul A, Maier R (1866) Uber eine bisher nicht beschriebene eigenthumliche arterienerkran-kung (periarteritis nodosa), die mit morbus brightii und rapid fortschreitender allgemeiner muskellahmung einhergeht. Dtsch Arch Klin Med 1:484\u2013518"},{"key":"1683_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01947911","volume":"246","author":"F Wohlwill","year":"1923","unstructured":"Wohlwill F (1923) \u00dcber die nur mikroskopisch erkennbare Form der Periarteritis nodosa. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol 246:36","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol"},{"key":"1683_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.12.918","volume":"42","author":"F Wegener","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wegener F (1987) On generalised septic vessel diseases. By Friedrich Wegener, 1937 (translation). Thorax 42:918\u2013919","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1683_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330802","volume":"33","author":"GG Hunder","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hunder GG, Arend WP, Bloch DA et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Introduction. Arthritis Rheum 33:1065\u20131067","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330812","volume":"33","author":"JF Fries","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fries JF, Hunder GG, Bloch DA et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis. Summary. Arthritis Rheum 33:1135\u20131136","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.10.006","volume":"15","author":"B Chaigne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaigne B, Terrier B, Thieblemont N et al (2016) Dividing the Janus vasculitis? Pathophysiology of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis. Autoimmun Rev 15:139\u2013145. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.10.006","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1683_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21250","volume":"52","author":"RA Sinico","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sinico RA, Di Toma L, Maggiore U et al (2005) Prevalence and clinical significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 52:2926\u20132935. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.21250","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1108735","volume":"367","author":"PA Lyons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lyons PA, Rayner TF, Trivedi S et al (2012) Genetically distinct subsets within ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 367:214\u2013223. doi:\n                        10.1056\/NEJMoa1108735","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1683_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209507","author":"J Damoiseaux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damoiseaux J, Csernok E, Rasmussen N et al (2016) Detection of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs): a multicentre European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS) evaluation of the value of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) versus antigen-specific immunoassays. Ann Rheum Dis. doi:\n                        10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209507","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.78","volume":"10","author":"E Csernok","year":"2014","unstructured":"Csernok E, Moosig F (2014) Current and emerging techniques for ANCA detection in vasculitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 10:494\u2013501. doi:\n                        10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.78","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1683_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209133","volume":"75","author":"M Yates","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yates M, Watts RA, Bajema IM et al (2016) EULAR\/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 75:1583\u20131594. doi:\n                        10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209133","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.5.953","volume":"16","author":"K Aasar\u00f8d","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aasar\u00f8d K, Bostad L, Hammerstr\u00f8m J et al (2001) Renal histopathology and clinical course in 94 patients with Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 16:953\u2013960","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"1683_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199006000-00006","volume":"14","author":"KO Devaney","year":"1990","unstructured":"Devaney KO, Travis WD, Hoffman G et al (1990) Interpretation of head and neck biopsies in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. A pathologic study of 126 biopsies in 70 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 14:555\u2013564","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"1683_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10122738","volume":"10","author":"A Schnabel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schnabel A, Holl-Ulrich K, Dalhoff K et al (1997) Efficacy of transbronchial biopsy in pulmonary vasculitides. Eur Respir J 10:2738\u20132743","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1683_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199104000-00001","volume":"15","author":"WD Travis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Travis WD, Hoffman GS, Leavitt RY et al (1991) Surgical pathology of the lung in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Review of 87 open lung biopsies from 67 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 15:315\u2013333","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"1683_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010050477","volume":"21","author":"AE Berden","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berden AE, Ferrario F, Hagen EC et al (2010) Histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 21:1628\u20131636. doi:\n                        10.1681\/ASN.2010050477","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1683_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040330","volume":"23","author":"AE Berden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berden AE, Jones RB, Erasmus DD et al (2012) Tubular lesions predict renal outcome in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis after rituximab therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 23:313\u2013321. doi:\n                        10.1681\/ASN.2011040330","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1683_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.4.587","volume":"17","author":"HA Hauer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hauer HA, Bajema IM, Hagen EC et al (2002) Long-term renal injury in ANCA-associated vasculitis: an analysis of 31 patients with follow-up biopsies. Nephrol Dial Transpl 17:587\u2013596","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"1683_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu042","volume":"29","author":"Z Hruskova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hruskova Z, Honsova E, Berden AE et al (2014) Repeat protocol renal biopsy in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transpl 29:1728\u20131732. doi:\n                        10.1093\/ndt\/gfu042","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"1683_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v5.i4.321","volume":"5","author":"L Visconti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Visconti L, Cernaro V, Ricciardi CA et al (2016) Renal biopsy: still a landmark for the nephrologist. World J Nephrol 5:321\u2013327. doi:\n                        10.5527\/wjn.v5.i4.321","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"1683_CR29","unstructured":"Rasmussen N, Jayne D, Abramowicz D et al (1995) European therapeutic trials in ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis: disease scoring, consensus regimens and proposed clinical trials. European Community Study Group on Clinical Trials in Systemic Vasculitis ECSYSVASTRIAL. Clin Exp Immunol 101(Suppl 1):29\u201334"},{"key":"1683_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062711","volume":"66","author":"B Hellmich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hellmich B, Flossmann O, Gross WL et al (2007) EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and\/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 66:605\u2013617. doi:\n                        10.1136\/ard.2006.062711","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.07.002","volume":"99","author":"JT Rosenbaum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenbaum JT, Choi D, Wilson DJ et al (2015) Orbital pseudotumor can be a localized form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis as revealed by gene expression profiling. Exp Mol Pathol 99:271\u2013278. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.07.002","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"1683_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1104650","volume":"366","author":"JH Stone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stone JH, Zen Y, Deshpande V (2012) IgG4-related disease. N Engl J Med 366:539\u2013551. doi:\n                        10.1056\/NEJMra1104650","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1683_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4633","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004633","volume":"95","author":"E Della-Torre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Campochiaro C et al (2016) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in IgG4-related disease: a case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e4633. doi:\n                        10.1097\/MD.0000000000004633","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1683_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740802192043","volume":"37","author":"SM Rachapalli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rachapalli SM, Kiely PDW (2008) Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions mimicking ENT-limited Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Scand J Rheumatol 37:477\u2013480. doi:\n                        10.1080\/03009740802192043","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1683_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3825","volume":"26","author":"U Borner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borner U, Landis BN, Banz Y et al (2012) Diagnostic value of biopsies in identifying cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative localized Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis presenting primarily with sinonasal disease. Am J Rhinol Allergy 26:475\u2013480. doi:\n                        10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3825","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"1683_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.130203","volume":"69","author":"JU Holle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holle JU, Gross WL, Holl-Ulrich K et al (2010) Prospective long-term follow-up of patients with localised Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: does it occur as persistent disease stage? Ann Rheum Dis 69:1934\u20131939. doi:\n                        10.1136\/ard.2010.130203","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21142","volume":"52","author":"K Groot De","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Groot K, Rasmussen N, Bacon PA et al (2005) Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide versus methotrexate for induction of remission in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 52:2461\u20132469. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.21142","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei217","volume":"45","author":"DR Thickett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thickett DR, Richter AG, Nathani N et al (2006) Pulmonary manifestations of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45:261\u2013268. doi:\n                        10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei217","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1683_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207168","volume":"70","author":"MEJ Callister","year":"2015","unstructured":"Callister MEJ, Baldwin DR, Akram AR et al (2015) British Thoracic Society guidelines for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules. Thorax 70(Suppl 2):ii1\u2013ii54. doi:\n                        10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207168","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1683_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2013.01.040","volume":"42","author":"L Harper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harper L (2013) L42. Morbidity in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Presse Med 42:612\u2013616. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.lpm.2013.01.040","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"1683_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126016","author":"W Shang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shang W, Ning Y, Xu X et al (2015) Incidence of cancer in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. doi:\n                        10.1371\/journal.pone.0126016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1683_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909169","volume":"363","author":"RB Jones","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jones RB, Tervaert JWC, Hauser T et al (2010) Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. N Engl J Med 363:211\u2013220. doi:\n                        10.1056\/NEJMoa0909169","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1683_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909905","volume":"363","author":"JH Stone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R et al (2010) Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 363:221\u2013232. doi:\n                        10.1056\/NEJMoa0909905","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1683_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404231","volume":"371","author":"L Guillevin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Karras A et al (2014) Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 371:1771\u20131780. doi:\n                        10.1056\/NEJMoa1404231","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1683_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000368580","volume":"128","author":"RB Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones RB (2014) Rituximab in the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Nephron Clin Pract 128:243\u2013249. doi:\n                        10.1159\/000368580","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"1683_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu452","volume":"54","author":"F Alberici","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alberici F, Smith RM, Jones RB et al (2015) Long-term follow-up of patients who received repeat-dose rituximab as maintenance therapy for ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 54:1153\u20131160. doi:\n                        10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu452","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1683_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.153601","volume":"71","author":"JU Holle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holle JU, Dubrau C, Herlyn K et al (2012) Rituximab for refractory granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis): comparison of efficacy in granulomatous versus vasculitic manifestations. Ann Rheum Dis 71:327\u2013333. doi:\n                        10.1136\/ard.2011.153601","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213277","volume":"369","author":"U Specks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Specks U, Merkel PA, Seo P et al (2013) Efficacy of remission-induction regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 369:417\u2013427. doi:\n                        10.1056\/NEJMoa1213277","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1683_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39450","volume":"68","author":"X Pu\u00e9chal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pu\u00e9chal X, Pagnoux C, Perrodeau \u00c9 et al (2016) Long-term outcomes among participants in the WEGENT trial of remission-maintenance therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener\u2019s) or microscopic polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ) 68:690\u2013701. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.39450","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ)"},{"key":"1683_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39104","volume":"67","author":"EM Miloslavsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miloslavsky EM, Specks U, Merkel PA et al (2015) Outcomes of nonsevere relapses in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis treated with glucocorticoids. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ) 67:1629\u20131636. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.39104","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ)"},{"key":"1683_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206404","volume":"74","author":"RB Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones RB, Furuta S, Tervaert JWC et al (2015) Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis: 2-year results of a randomised trial. Ann Rheum Dis 74:1178\u20131182. doi:\n                        10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206404","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00100114","volume":"9","author":"M Walsh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walsh M, Faurschou M, Berden A et al (2014) Long-term follow-up of cyclophosphamide compared with azathioprine for initial maintenance therapy in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:1571\u20131576. doi:\n                        10.2215\/CJN.00100114","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1683_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.04.002","volume":"23","author":"J Turnbull","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turnbull J, Harper L (2009) Adverse effects of therapy for ANCA-associated vasculitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 23:391\u2013401. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.berh.2009.04.002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1683_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.003","volume":"45","author":"R Conway","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conway R, Low C, Coughlan RJ et al (2015) Risk of liver injury among methotrexate users: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum 45:156\u2013162. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.05.003","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1311936","author":"S Siramolpiwat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siramolpiwat S, Sakonlaya D (2017) Clinical and histologic features of Azathioprine-induced hepatotoxicity. Scand J Gastroenterol. doi:\n                        10.1080\/00365521.2017.1311936","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1683_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.11.009","volume":"57","author":"DM Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts DM, Jones RB, Smith RM et al (2015) Rituximab-associated hypogammaglobulinemia: incidence, predictors and outcomes in patients with multi-system autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 57:60\u201365. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.11.009","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"1683_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38107","author":"J M\u00e9let","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00e9let J, Mulleman D, Goupille P et al (2013) Rituximab-induced T-cell depletion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association with clinical response. Arthritis Rheum. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.38107","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0477","volume":"144","author":"I Martin-Garrido","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin-Garrido I, Carmona EM, Specks U, Limper AH (2013) Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients treated with rituximab. Chest 144:258\u2013265. doi:\n                        10.1378\/chest.12-0477","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1683_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33361","volume":"64","author":"M Walsh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walsh M, Flossmann O, Berden A et al (2012) Risk factors for relapse of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 64:542\u2013548. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.33361","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20234","volume":"51","author":"MC Slot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Slot MC, Tervaert JWC, Boomsma MM, Stegeman CA (2004) Positive classic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) titer at switch to azathioprine therapy associated with relapse in proteinase 3-related vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 51:269\u2013273. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.20234","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1683_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.11.003","volume":"13","author":"L-H Thai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thai L-H, Charles P, Resche-Rigon M et al (2014) Are anti-proteinase-3 ANCA a useful marker of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener\u2019s) relapses? Results of a retrospective study on 126 patients. Autoimmun Rev 13:313\u2013318. doi:\n                        10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.11.003","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1683_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e843","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000843","volume":"94","author":"Y-Y Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi Y-Y, Li Z-Y, Zhao M-H, Chen M (2015) The CD4 lymphocyte count is a better predictor of overall infection than the total lymphocyte count in ANCA-associated vasculitis under a corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide regimen: a retrospective cohort. Medicine (Baltimore) 94:e843. doi:\n                        10.1097\/MD.0000000000000843","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1683_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07300712","volume":"8","author":"R Goupil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goupil R, Brachemi S, Nadeau-Fredette A-C et al (2013) Lymphopenia and treatment-related infectious complications in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 8:416\u2013423. doi:\n                        10.2215\/CJN.07300712","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1683_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607043350103","volume":"335","author":"CA Stegeman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stegeman CA, Tervaert JW, de Jong PE, Kallenberg CG (1996) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) for the prevention of relapses of Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Dutch Co-Trimoxazole Wegener Study Group. N Engl J Med 335:16\u201320. doi:\n                        10.1056\/NEJM199607043350103","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"1683_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-14-S4-265","volume":"14","author":"K Zycinska","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zycinska K, Wardyn KA, Zielonka TM et al (2009) Co-trimoxazole and prevention of relapses of PR3-ANCA positive vasculitis with pulmonary involvement. Eur J Med Res 14(Suppl 4):265\u2013267","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"1683_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02714432","volume":"165","author":"L Guillevin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Guillevin L, Guittard T, Bletry O et al (1987) Systemic necrotizing angiitis with asthma: causes and precipitating factors in 43 cases. Lung 165:165\u2013172","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"1683_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2177\/jsci.34.154","volume":"34","author":"M Konishi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Konishi M, Koarada S, Yamaguchi K et al (2011) Case of microscopic polyangiitis and giant cell arteritis after influenza vaccination. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi 34:154\u2013161","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi"},{"key":"1683_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm640","volume":"23","author":"PM Stassen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stassen PM, Sanders J-SF, Kallenberg CGM, Stegeman CA (2008) Influenza vaccination does not result in an increase in relapses in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nephrol Dial Transpl 23:654\u2013658. doi:\n                        10.1093\/ndt\/gfm640","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"1683_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000354084","volume":"38","author":"T Duggal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duggal T, Segal P, Shah M et al (2013) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis associated with influenza vaccination. Am J Nephrol 38:174\u2013178. doi:\n                        10.1159\/000354084","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"1683_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092924","volume":"68","author":"A Holvast","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holvast A, Stegeman CA, Benne CA et al (2009) Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis patients show an adequate antibody response to influenza vaccination. Ann Rheum Dis 68:873\u2013878. doi:\n                        10.1136\/ard.2008.092924","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.112813","volume":"69","author":"A Holvast","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holvast A, de Haan A, van Assen S et al (2010) Cell-mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis 69:924\u2013927. doi:\n                        10.1136\/ard.2009.112813","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1683_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(16)30530-3","volume":"46","author":"M Groh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Groh M, Pu\u00e9chal X, Terrier B et al (2016) VAC-04\u2014Echec de la vaccination antipneumococcique en phase d\u2019attaque du traitement des vascularites \u00e0 ANCA: l\u2019\u00e9tude pneumovas pilote 1. Med Mal Infect 46:111. doi:\n                        10.1016\/S0399-077X(16)30530-3","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"1683_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev018","volume":"54","author":"SR Sangle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sangle SR, Vounotrypidis P, Briley A et al (2015) Pregnancy outcome in patients with systemic vasculitis: a single-centre matched case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 54:1582\u20131586. doi:\n                        10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1683_CR74","first-page":"2571","volume":"29","author":"DL Huong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huong DL, Amoura Z, Duhaut P et al (2002) Risk of ovarian failure and fertility after intravenous cyclophosphamide. A study in 84 patients. J Rheumatol 29:2571\u20132576","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1683_CR75","first-page":"2331","volume":"19","author":"B Grygiel-G\u00f3rniak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grygiel-G\u00f3rniak B, Puszczewicz M (2015) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis in pregnancy\u2014clinical implications and treatment possibilities. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 19:2331\u20132335","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1683_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq421","volume":"50","author":"C Pagnoux","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pagnoux C, Le Guern V, Goffinet F et al (2011) Pregnancies in systemic necrotizing vasculitides: report on 12 women and their 20 pregnancies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 50:953\u2013961. doi:\n                        10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq421","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1683_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318205a4c6","volume":"90","author":"L Guillevin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Seror R et al (2011) The Five-Factor Score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine (Baltimore) 90:19\u201327. doi:\n                        10.1097\/MD.0b013e318205a4c6","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1683_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000180793.80212.17","volume":"84","author":"A Bourgarit","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bourgarit A, Le Toumelin P, Pagnoux C et al (2005) Deaths occurring during the first year after treatment onset for polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a retrospective analysis of causes and factors predictive of mortality based on 595 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 84:323\u2013330","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1683_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39011","volume":"67","author":"C Pagnoux","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pagnoux C, Qu\u00e9m\u00e9neur T, Ninet J et al (2015) Treatment of systemic necrotizing vasculitides in patients aged sixty-five years or older: results of a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide-based induction therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ) 67:1117\u20131127. doi:\n                        10.1002\/art.39011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ)"}],"container-title":["Internal and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11739-017-1683-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-017-1683-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-017-1683-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T08:20:04Z","timestamp":1500366004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11739-017-1683-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-017-1683-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1828-0447","type":"print"},{"value":"1970-9366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]}}}