{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:10:29Z","timestamp":1793171429270,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-018-1874-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T03:49:06Z","timestamp":1528861746000},"page":"85-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":288,"title":["Guidelines for the management of osteoporosis and fragility fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ranuccio","family":"Nuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Brandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Checchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ombretta","family":"Di Munno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia","family":"Dominguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Falaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo Erio","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Iolascon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Michieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Migliaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Minisola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Toselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Carlo","family":"Isaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1874_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785","volume":"285","author":"NIH Consensus development panel on osteoporosis prevention","year":"2001","unstructured":"NIH Consensus development panel on osteoporosis prevention (2001) Diagnosis and therapy. JAMA 285:785\u2013795","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1874_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2655-z","volume":"25","author":"ES Siris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siris ES, Adler R, Bilezikian J et al (2014) The clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis: a position statement from the National Bone Health Alliance Working Group. Osteoporos Int 25:1439\u20131443","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","volume":"25","author":"F Cosman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS et al (2014) Clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 25:2359\u20132381","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-9880-7","volume":"44","author":"RA Adler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adler RA (2013) Osteoporosis in men: recent progress. Endocrine 44:40\u201346","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1874_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.188","volume":"11","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rizzoli R, Biver E (2015) Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: who to treat with what agent? Nat Rev Rheumatol 11:98\u2013109","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1874_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20295","volume":"62","author":"JM Grossman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grossman JM, Gordon R, Ranganath VK et al (2010) American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 62:1515\u20131526","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"1874_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2012.04.004","volume":"41","author":"RS Weinstein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weinstein RS (2012) Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 41:595\u2013611","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"key":"1874_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413169","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/413169","volume":"2015","author":"GB Lan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lan GB, Xie XB, Peng LK, Liu L, Song L, Dai HL (2015) Current status of research on osteoporosis after solid organ transplantation: pathogenesis and management. Biomed Res Int 2015:413169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/413169","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1874_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.02.017","volume":"89","author":"TM Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu TM, Lin CL, Chang SN, Sung FC, Huang ST, Kao CH (2014) Osteoporosis and fractures after solid organ transplantation: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 89:888\u2013895","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1874_CR10","unstructured":"NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases\u2009~\u2009National Resource Center Osteoporosis in Men (2015). http:\/\/www.bones.nih.gov . Accessed Mar 2018"},{"key":"1874_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maggi S, Noale M, Giannini S et al; ESOPO Study (2006) Quantitative heel ultrasound in a population-based study in Italy and its relationship with fracture history: the ESOPO study. Osteoporos Int 17:237\u2013244","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1985-2"},{"key":"1874_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-013-0137-0","volume":"8","author":"A Svedbom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Svedbom A, Hernlund E, Iverg\u00e5rd M et al (2013) Epidemiology and economic burden of osteoporosis in Italy. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Arch Osteoporos 8:137","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"issue":"2a","key":"1874_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)90022-X","volume":"103","author":"C Cooper","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooper C (1997) The crippling consequences of fractures and their impact on quality of life. Am J Med 103(2a):12S\u201317S","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1874_CR14","first-page":"113","volume":"62","author":"P Piscitelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Piscitelli P, Brandi ML, Tarantino U et al (2010) Incidence and socioeconomic burden of hip fractures in Italy: extension study 2003\u20132005. Reumatismo 62:113\u2013118","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"1874_CR15","first-page":"529","volume":"51","author":"F Gimigliano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gimigliano F, Moretti A, Riccio I, Letizia Mauro G, Gimigliano R, Iolascon G (2015) Classification of functioning and assessment of fracture risk of a large Italian osteoporotic population. The physiatric approach to osteoporosis project. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 51:529\u2013538","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1874_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.09.048","volume":"50","author":"F Lapi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lapi F, Simonetti M, Michieli R et al (2012) Assessing 5-year incidence rates and determinants of osteoporotic fractures in primary care. Bone 50:85\u201390","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1874_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10613","volume":"46","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Solomon DH, Katz JN, Jacobs JP, La Tourette AM, Coblyn J (2002) Management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 46:3136\u20133142","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1874_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01622200","volume":"4","author":"JA Kanis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kanis JA (1994) Assessment\u00a0of\u00a0fracture\u00a0risk\u00a0and its\u00a0application\u00a0to\u00a0screening\u00a0for\u00a0postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a\u00a0WHO\u00a0report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int 4:368\u2013381","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1248-8","volume":"17","author":"L Cavalli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cavalli L, Guazzini A, Cianferotti L et al (2016) Prevalence of osteoporosis in the Italian population and main risk factors: results of BoneTour Campaign. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17:396","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"1874_CR20","first-page":"120","volume":"11","author":"R Michieli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Michieli R, Carraro AM (2014) General practitioner and\u00a0FRAX(\u00ae) (computer-based algorithm). Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 11:120\u2013122","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"1874_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0543-5","volume":"19","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey E (2008) FRAX\u00a0and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int 19:385\u2013397","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0262-7","volume":"100","author":"F Lapi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lapi F, Bianchini E, Michiel R et al (2017) Assessing risk of osteoporotic fractures in primary care: development and validation of the FRA-HS algorithm. Calcif Tissue Int 100:537\u2013549","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1874_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2016.870","volume":"68","author":"M Rossini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rossini M, Adami S, Bertoldo F et al (2016) Linee guida per la diagnosi, la prevenzione e il trattamento dell\u2019osteoporosi. Reumatismo 68:1\u201342","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"1874_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.08.004","volume":"16","author":"JT Schousboe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Bilezikian JP, Baim S (2013) Executive summary of the 2013 ISCD position development conference on bone densitometry. J Clin Densitom 16:455\u2013467","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"1874_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2074-y","volume":"24","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H et al (2013) Scientific advisory board of the european society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the committee of scientific advisors of the international osteoporosis foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 24:23\u201357","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0410-z","volume":"15","author":"D Hans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hans D, \u0160te\u0148ov\u00e1 E, Lamy O (2017) The trabecular bone score (TBS) complements DXA and the FRAX as a fracture risk assessment tool in routine clinical practice. Curr Osteoporos Rep 15:521\u2013531","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"1874_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.08.011","volume":"92","author":"MP H\u00f8iberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00f8iberg MP, Rubin KH, Hermann AP, Brixen K, Abrahamsen B (2016) Diagnostic devices for osteoporosis in the general population: a systematic review. Bone 92:58\u201369","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1874_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2017.10.05","volume":"7","author":"YXJ Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang YXJ, Santiago FR, Deng M, Nogueira-Barbosa MH (2017) Identifying osteoporotic vertebral endplate and cortex fractures. Quant Imaging Med Surg 7:555\u2013591","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"1874_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-002-1348-1","volume":"14","author":"HK Genant","year":"2003","unstructured":"Genant HK, Jergas M (2003) Assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in osteoporosis research. Osteoporos Int 14(Suppl 3):S43\u2013S55","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110716","volume":"11","author":"HK Genant","year":"1996","unstructured":"Genant HK, Jergas M, Palermo L et al (1996) Comparison of semiquantitative visual and quantitative morphometric assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in osteoporosis. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 11:984\u2013996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1874_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2567-3","volume":"25","author":"EM Clark","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clark EM, Carter L, Gould VC, Morrison L, Tobias JH (2014) Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) by lateral DXA scanning may be cost-effective when used as part of fracture liaison services or primary care screening. Osteoporos Int 25:953\u2013964","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-012-0835-5","volume":"117","author":"D Diacinti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diacinti D, Guglielmi G, Pisani D et al (2012) Vertebral morphometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for osteoporotic vertebral fractures assessment (VFA). Radiol Med 117:1374\u20131385","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"1874_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.04.009","volume":"50","author":"NS Murthy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murthy NS (2012) Imaging of stress fractures of the spine. Radiol Clin N Am 50:799\u2013821","journal-title":"Radiol Clin N Am"},{"key":"1874_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2016.12.13","volume":"6","author":"L Oei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oei L, Koromani F, Rivadeneira F, Zillikens MC, Oei EH (2016) Quantitative imaging methods in osteoporosis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 6:680\u2013698","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"1874_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30184-5","volume":"5","author":"R Eastell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eastell R, Szulc P (2017) Use of bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5:908\u2013923","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"1874_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-017-0272-1","volume":"21","author":"P Garnero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garnero P (2017) The utility of biomarkers in osteoporosis management. Mol Diagn Ther 21:401\u2013418","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"1874_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1115","volume":"82","author":"S Cheng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheng S, Lyytik\u00e4inen A, Kr\u00f6ger H et al (2005) Effects of calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D supplementation on bone mass accrual and body composition in 10- to 12-year-old girls: a 2-year randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 82:1115\u20131126","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1874_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00491.x","volume":"70","author":"AN Hacker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hacker AN, Fung EB, King JC (2012) Role of calcium during pregnancy: maternal and fetal needs. Nutr Rev 70:397\u2013409","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"1874_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3375","author":"NC Harvey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harvey NC, D\u2019Angelo S, Paccou J et al (2018) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are not associated with risk of incident ischaemic cardiac events or death: findings from the UK Biobank cohort. J Bone Miner Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3375","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1874_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0823-x","volume":"21","author":"G Iolascon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iolascon G, Gimigliano R, Bianco M et al (2017) Are dietary supplements and nutraceuticals effective for musculoskeletal health and cognitive function? A scoping review. J Nutr Health Aging 21:527\u2013538","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"1874_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03701.x","volume":"73","author":"P Lips","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lips P, Bouillon R, van Schoor NM et al (2010) Reducing fracture risk with calcium and vitamin D. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 73:277\u2013285","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1874_CR42","first-page":"298","volume":"12","author":"MM Popovtzer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Popovtzer MM, Michael UF, Johnson-Dial KS, Ronstadt C, Nelson D, Ogden DA (1986) Dietary calcium deprivation and secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients treated with chronic dialysis. Miner Electrolyte Metab 12:298\u2013302","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"1874_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2017.1322924","volume":"36","author":"TC Wallace","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wallace TC, Frankenfeld CL (2017) Dietary protein intake above the current RDA and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Nutr 36:481\u2013496","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"1874_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3440-3","volume":"27","author":"CM Weaver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weaver CM, Gordon CM, Janz KF et al (2016) The National Osteoporosis Foundation\u2019s position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations. Osteoporos Int 27:1281\u20131386","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4081\/reumatismo.2011.129","volume":"63","author":"S Adami","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adami S, Romagnoli E, Carnevale V et al (2011) Guidelines on prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS). Reumatismo 63:129\u2013147","journal-title":"Reumatismo"},{"key":"1874_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61647-5","volume":"383","author":"IR Reid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reid IR, Bolland MJ, Grey A (2014) Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 383:146\u2013155","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1874_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000227.pub4","author":"A Avenell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Avenell A, Mak JC, O\u2019Connell D (2014) Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000227.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1874_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005465.pub2","author":"ID Cameron","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cameron ID, Murray GR, Gillespie LD et al (2010) Interventions for preventing falls in older people in nursing care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005465.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1874_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0650-y","volume":"20","author":"S Adami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adami S, Giannini S, Bianchi G et al (2009) Vitamin D status and response to treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 20:239\u2013244","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007470.pub2","author":"G Bjelakovic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D et al (2014) Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007470.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1874_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.766162","volume":"29","author":"R Rizzoli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rizzoli R, Boonen S, Brandi ML et al (2013) Vitamin D supplementation in elderly or postmenopausal women: a 2013 update of the 2008 recommendations from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Curr Med Res Opin 29:305\u2013313","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"1874_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9637-y","volume":"91","author":"M Rossini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rossini M, Adami S, Viapiana O et al (2012) Dose-dependent short-term effects of single high doses of oral vitamin D(3) on bone turnover markers. Calcif Tissue Int 91:365\u2013369","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1874_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.594","volume":"303","author":"KM Sanders","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanders KM, Stuart AL, Williamson EJ et al (2010) Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 303:1815\u20131822","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1874_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0606-x","volume":"50","author":"L Cianferotti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cianferotti L, Cricelli C, Kanis JA et al (2015) The clinical use of vitamin D metabolites and their potential developments: a position statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). Endocrine 50:12\u201326","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1874_CR55","unstructured":"United States Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (1996). https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nccdphp\/sgr\/pdf\/sgrfull.pd . Accessed on Oct 2017"},{"key":"1874_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.05.012","volume":"43","author":"M Martyn-St James","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martyn-St James M, Carroll S (2008) Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Bone 43:521\u2013531","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1874_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000100","volume":"20","author":"D Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma D, Wu L, He Z (2013) Effects of walking on the preservation of bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 20:1216\u20131226","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1874_CR58","first-page":"CD000333","volume":"7","author":"TE Howe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ et al (2011) Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD000333","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1874_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0357-2","volume":"11","author":"C Ma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma C, Liu A, Sun M, Zhu H, Wu H (2016) Effect of whole-body vibration on reduction of bone loss and fall prevention in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 11:24","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"1874_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-016-0260-9","volume":"11","author":"JJ Armstrong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Armstrong JJ, Rodrigues IB, Wasiuta T, MacDermid JC (2016) Quality assessment of osteoporosis clinical practice guidelines for physical activity and safe movement: an AGREE II appraisal. Arch Osteoporos 11:6","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"1874_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38753.375324.7C","volume":"332","author":"MJ Parker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD (2006) Effectiveness of hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in elderly people: systematic review. BMJ 332:571\u2013574","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1874_CR62","first-page":"CD001255","volume":"10","author":"WJ Gillespie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD, Parker MJ (2010) Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD001255","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1874_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-016-2543-4","volume":"136","author":"M Gosch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gosch M, Hoffmann-Weltin Y, Roth T, Blauth M, Nicholas JA, Kammerlander C (2016) Orthogeriatric co-management improves the outcome of long-term care residents with fragility fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 136:1403\u20131409","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"1874_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.01.003","volume":"18","author":"CJ Yates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yates CJ, Chauchard MA, Liew D, Bucknill A, Wark JD (2015) Bridging the osteoporosis treatment gap: performance and cost-effectiveness of a fracture liaison service. J Clin Densitom 18:150\u2013156","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"1874_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-43249-6","volume-title":"Orthogeriatrics","author":"P Falaschi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Falaschi P, Marsh DR (2017) Orthogeriatrics. Springer, Geneva"},{"key":"1874_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3894-y","volume":"28","author":"NC Harvey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harvey NC, McCloskey EV, Mitchell PJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Pierroz DD, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Cooper C, Kanis JA (2017) Mind the (treatment) gap: a global perspective on current and future strategies for prevention of fragility fractures. Osteoporos Int 28:1507\u20131529","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2090-y","volume":"24","author":"K Ganda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ganda K, Puech M, Chen JS, Speerin R, Bleasel J, Center JR, Eisman JA, March L, Seibel MJ (2013) Models of care for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 24:393\u2013406","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blain H, Masud T, Dargent-Molina P, Martin FC, Rosendahl E, van der Velde N, Bousquet J, Benetos A, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Cortet B, Barbagallo M, Dreinh\u00f6fer KE, Vellas B, Maggi S, Strandberg T; EUGMS Falls and Fracture Interest Group,; International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics for the European Region (IAGG-ER); European Union of Medical Specialists (EUMS); Fragility Fracture Network (FFN); European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO), and; International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) (2016) A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults: the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) statement. Aging Clin Exp Res 28(4):797\u2013803","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0588-4"},{"issue":"16","key":"1874_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0332-0","volume":"2","author":"SM Dyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dyer SM, Crotty M, Fairhall N, Magaziner J, Beaupre LA, Cameron ID, Sherrington C, Fragility Fracture Network (FFN) Rehabilitation Research Special Interest Group (2016) A critical review of the long-term disability outcomes following hip fracture. BMC Geriatr 2(16):158","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1874_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertz K, Santy-Tomlison J (2018) Fragility Fracture nursing: holistic care and management of the orthogeriatric patient. Perspectives in nursing management and care for older adults. Springer, p 137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76681-2"},{"key":"1874_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1713-z","volume":"22","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C et al (2011) Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 22:2395\u20132411","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1874_CR72","first-page":"561","volume":"28","author":"S Adami","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adami S, Bianchi G, Brandi ML et al (2010) Validation and further development of the WHO 10-year fracture risk assessment tool in Italian postmenopausal women: project rationale and description. Clin Exp Rheumatol 28:561\u2013570","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"1874_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.36","volume":"9","author":"RE Coleman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coleman RE, Rathbone E, Brown JE (2013) Management of cancer treatment-induced bone loss. Nat Rev Rheumatol 9:365\u2013374","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1874_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1361","volume":"166","author":"A Qaseem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qaseem A, Forciea MA, McLean RM, Denberg TD (2017) Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Treatment of low bone density or osteoporosis to prevent fractures in men and women: a clinical practice guideline update from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 166:818\u2013839","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1874_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.04.073","volume":"432","author":"LA Hodges","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hodges LA, Connolly SM, Winter J et al (2012) Modulation of gastric pH by a buffered soluble effervescent formulation: a possible means of improving gastric tolerability of alendronate. Int J Pharm 432:57\u201362","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1874_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067312","volume":"356","author":"DM Black","year":"2007","unstructured":"Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R et al (2007) Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 356:1809\u20131822","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1874_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074941","volume":"357","author":"KW Lyles","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lyles KW, Col\u00f3n-Emeric CS, Magaziner JS et al (2007) Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 357:1799\u20131809","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1874_CR78","first-page":"105","volume":"10","author":"A Giusti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giusti A, Bianchi G (2015) Treatment of primary osteoporosis in men. Clin Interv Aging 10:105\u2013115","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"1874_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40137","volume":"69","author":"L Buckley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, Cannon M, Grossman J, Hansen KE, Humphrey MB, Lane NE, Magrey M, Miller M, Morrison L, Rao M, Robinson AB, Saha S, Wolver S, Bannuru RR, Vaysbrot E, Osani M, Turgunbaev M, Miller AS, McAlindon T (2017) 2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 69(8):1521\u20131537","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"1874_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes312","volume":"52","author":"M Varenna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Varenna M, Adami S, Rossini M et al (2013) Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I with neridronate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Rheumatol Oxf Engl 52:534\u2013542","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"1874_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2016.1136287","volume":"15","author":"M Rossini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rossini M, Adami G, Adami S, Viapiana O, Gatti D (2016) Safety issues and adverse reactions with osteoporosis management. Expert Opin Drug Saf 15:1\u201332","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"1874_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.521","volume":"27","author":"M Rossini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rossini M, Adami S, Viapiana O et al (2012) Circulating \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and the risk of acute-phase response after zoledronic acid administration. J Bone Miner Res 27:227\u2013230","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1874_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1998","volume":"29","author":"E Shane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shane E, Burr D, Abrahamsen B et al (2014) Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: second report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res 29:1\u201323","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1874_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2016.09.005","volume":"20","author":"AA Khan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khan AA, Morrison A, Kendler DL et al (2017) Case-Based review of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and application of the international recommendations for management from the International Task Force on ONJ. J Clin Densitom 20:8\u201324","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"1874_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.04.008","volume":"101","author":"P Anagnostis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anagnostis P, Paschou SA, Mintziori G et al (2017) Drug holidays from bisphosphonates and denosumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis: EMAS position statement. Maturitas 101:23\u201330","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1874_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","volume":"361","author":"SR Cummings","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR et al (2009) Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 361:756\u2013765","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1874_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.3832","volume":"26","author":"GK Ellis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ellis GK, Bone HG, Chlebowski R et al (2008) Randomized trial of denosumab in patients receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitors for nonmetastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:4875\u20134882","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1874_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4137\/CMO.S8511","volume":"6","author":"A Lipton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lipton A, Smith MR, Ellis GK, Goessl C (2012) Treatment-induced bone loss and fractures in cancer patients undergoing hormone ablation therapy: efficacy and safety of denosumab. Clin Med Insights Oncol 6:287\u2013303","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Oncol"},{"key":"1874_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809003","volume":"361","author":"MR Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith MR, Egerdie B, Hern\u00e1ndez Toriz N et al (2009) Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 361:745\u2013755","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1874_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61120-5","volume":"386","author":"BZ Leder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leder BZ, Tsai JN, Uihlein AV et al (2015) Denosumab and teriparatide transitions in postmenopausal osteoporosis (the DATA-Switch study): extension of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 386:1147\u20131155","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1874_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0006","volume":"26","author":"AB Hodsman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hodsman AB, Bauer DC, Dempster DW et al (2005) Parathyroid hormone and teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis: a review of the evidence and suggested guidelines for its use. Endocr Rev 26:688\u2013703","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1874_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obermayer-Pietsch BM, Marin F, McCloskey EV et al; Investigators EUROFORS (2008) Effects of 2\u00a0years of daily teriparatide treatment on BMD in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis with and without prior antiresorptive treatment. J Bone Miner Res 23:1591\u20131600","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080506"},{"key":"1874_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.11.1932","volume":"18","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Zhao JJ, Mitlak BH, Wang O, Genant HK, Ericson EF (2003) Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) [teriparatide] improves both cortical and cancellous bone structure. J Bone Miner Res 18:1932\u20131941","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1874_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441904","volume":"344","author":"RM Neer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neer RM, Arnaud CD, Zanchetta JR et al (2001) Effect of parathyroid hormone (1\u201334) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 344:1434\u20131441","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1874_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.07.174","volume":"17","author":"PCS Parreira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parreira PCS, Maher CG, Megale RZ, March L, Ferreira ML (2017) An overview of clinical guidelines for the management of vertebral compression fracture: a systematic review. Spine J 17:1932\u20131938","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"1874_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592431","volume":"20","author":"F Aparisi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aparisi F (2016) Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in vertebral osteoporotic fractures. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 20:382\u2013391","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"}],"container-title":["Internal and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11739-018-1874-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-018-1874-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-018-1874-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T08:06:14Z","timestamp":1604390774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11739-018-1874-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-018-1874-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1828-0447","type":"print"},{"value":"1970-9366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of human and animal rights"}},{"value":"Informed consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"There is no specific funding for this work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}}]}}