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We retrospectively included in the study all admitted patients with an\u00a0<jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\u00a0spp. positive culture within lower airway samples. Overall, Aspergillus spp. positivity in respiratory samples was 0.97 every 1000 hospital admissions (HA): 4.94 and 0.28\/1000\/HA, respectively, in intensive care units (ICUs) and medical wards (MW). 66.6% fulfilled PIPA criteria, and 33.4% were defined as colonized. 69.2% of PIPA diagnosis occurred in the ICU. Antifungal therapy was appropriate in 88.5% of subjects with PIPA and 37.5% of colonized, confirming the comparison between deads and lives. Patients with PIPA in the ICUs had more frequent COPD, sepsis or septic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI), needed more surgery, mechanical ventilation (MV), vasopressors, hemodialysis, blood or platelets transfusions. PIPA in MW had associated with a history of smoking, interstitial lung disease and inhaled steroid therapy. Overall mortality within 21\u00a0days was 50%: 54.2% in ICU, 36,8% in MW. Factors associated with death were length of hospitalization, influenza, pneumonia, liver transplant, AKI, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. PIPA in the ICU had higher disease severity and needed more organ support than MW cases, despite that cases of PIPA in MW are emerging with trends difficult to demonstrate given the problematic diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-021-02705-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T10:03:03Z","timestamp":1616407383000},"page":"1619-1627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis within medical wards and intensive care units: a 4-year retrospective, observational, single-centre study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Corcione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3865-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Lupia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Raviolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Montrucchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Trentalange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Curtoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Giuseppe","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008Blot","author":"JP Donnelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donnelly JP, Chen SC, Kauffman CA, Steinbach WJ, Baddley JW, Verweij PE et al (2020) Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. 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The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statements on human and animal rights"}},{"value":"For this type of study, no informed consent is required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}