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The need for informed consent was waived because the patients required urgent tracheal intubation. In accordance with French laws on emergency medical research, if a patient\u2019s relative was present when the medical team had to intubate, written consent from the relative of the patient for inclusion in the clinical study was required. If no relatives were present at the time of inclusion, a letter offering the opportunity to consent or opt out of the study was sent to the patient if he or she survived and left the hospital or to a relative if the patient died in the hospital.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights statement and Informed consent"}}]}}