{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T02:13:06Z","timestamp":1781575986945,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the increase in benzodiazepine (BZD) and Z-drug (ZD) use disorder, this study described the use of phenobarbital (PHB) as detoxification in clinical practice. A 15-year observational retrospective study was performed on medical records of BZD-ZD use disorder patients detoxified with PHB at the Toxicology Unit and Poison Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy). A multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and related 95% confidence intervals (CI) of \u201ctreatment failure\u201d considering demographic and pharmacological characteristics. \u201cHospitalisation length\u201d, \u201cPHB discharge dose\u201d, and \u201cBZD-ZD free status\u201d at discharge were also calculated. During detoxification, out of 355 patients (57% of men), with a mean age of 42.92\u00a0years, only 20 (5.6%) treatment failures were recorded: 19 were discharged against medical advice or due to misbehaviour, and only one for PHB-related non-serious skin rash. Analysis showed a higher probability to be BZD-ZD free at discharge for subjects who reported to be employed (OR 2.29; CI 95% 1.00\u20135.24), for those who abused oral drops of BZD-ZD (OR 2.16, CI 1.30\u20133.59), and for those treated with trazodone (OR 2.86, CI 1.14\u20137.17) during hospital stay. A hospitalisation length of\u2009&gt;\u20097\u00a0days was observed for patients with opioid maintenance therapy (OR 2.07, CI 1.20\u20133.58) for substance use disorder, and for those treated with more than 300\u00a0mg\/day of PHB equivalents at hospital admission (OR 1.68, CI 1.03\u20132.72). Our results suggested that PHB can be considered a valuable detoxification option for different types of BZD and ZD use disorder patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-022-02976-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T05:03:11Z","timestamp":1649739791000},"page":"1631-1640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phenobarbital use in benzodiazepine and z-drug detoxification: a single-centre 15-year observational retrospective study in clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Sartori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Crescioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Brilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Traversoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Lanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5259-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Vannacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Mannaioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2976_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125317753340","volume":"8","author":"D Fluyau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fluyau D, Revadigar N, Manobianco BE (2018) Challenges of the pharmacological management of benzodiazepine withdrawal, dependence, and discontinuation. 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