{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:00:25Z","timestamp":1793116825514,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern Emerg Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-024-03828-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T14:45:16Z","timestamp":1736952316000},"page":"681-690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The variable relationship between the National Early Warning Score on admission to hospital, the primary discharge diagnosis, and in-hospital mortality"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-5336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Holland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4741-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Kellett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7622-9423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stelios","family":"Boulitsakis-Logothetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noura","family":"Al Moubayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-8176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3828_CR1","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians. National Early Warning Score (NEWS) 2: standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS. Updated report of a working party. London: RCP, 2017. https:\/\/www.rcplondon.ac.uk\/projects\/outputs\/national-early-warning-score-news-2. Accessed 27 Nov 2023"},{"key":"3828_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2022-news-concept","volume":"22","author":"B Williams","year":"2022","unstructured":"Williams B (2022) The National Early Warning Score: from concept to NHS implementation. Clin Med (Lond) 22:499\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmed.2022-news-concept","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"3828_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.12.024","volume":"98","author":"M Holland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holland M, Kellett J (2022) A systematic review of the discrimination and absolute mortality predicted by the National Early Warning Scores according to different cut-off values and prediction windows. Eur J Intern Med 98:15\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2021.12.024","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"3828_CR4","unstructured":"NHS Improvement, Ambulatory Emergency Care Network. Ambulatory emergency care guide: same day emergency care\u2014clinical definition, patient selection and metrics. London, NHS Improvement, 2018. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2021\/05\/aec-same-day-emergency-care-clinical-definition-patient-selectionmetrics.pdf. Accessed 22 Nov 2023"},{"key":"3828_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.09.026","volume":"134","author":"MAF Pimentel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pimentel MAF, Redfern OC, Gerry S et al (2019) A comparison of the ability of the National Early Warning Score and the National Early Warning Score 2 to identify patients at risk of in-hospital mortality: a multi-centre database study. Resuscitation 134:147\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.09.026","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"3828_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5191","volume":"3","author":"VX Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu VX, Lu Y, Carey KA et al (2020) Comparison of Early Warning Scoring Systems for hospitalized patients with and without infection at risk for in-hospital mortality and transfer to the intensive care unit. JAMA Netw Open 3:e205191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5191","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"3828_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.52964\/AMJA.0945","volume":"22","author":"M Holland","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holland M, Dannatt A, Kellett J, Green D (2023) Emergency admissions\u2019 diagnoses and risk of in-hospital death according to the primary ICD-10 chapter assigned at discharge and the National Early Warning Score on admission. Acute Med 22:113\u2013119","journal-title":"Acute Med"},{"key":"3828_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-011021","volume":"6","author":"D Sbiti-Rohr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sbiti-Rohr D, Kutz A, Christ-Crain M et al (2016) The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for outcome prediction in emergency department patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from a 6-year prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 6:e011021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-011021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3828_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2020.04.002","volume":"11","author":"HJ Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou HJ, Lan TF, Guo SB (2020) Outcome prediction value of National Early Warning Score in septic patients with community-acquired pneumonia in emergency department: a single center retrospective cohort study. World J Emerg Med 11:206\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2020.04.002","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"3828_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10267","volume":"103","author":"C Kovacs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kovacs C, Jarvis SW, Prytherch DR et al (2016) Comparison of the National Early Warning Score in non-elective medical and surgical patients. Br J Surg 103:1385\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.10267","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"3828_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.10.039","volume":"159","author":"I Kostakis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kostakis I, Smith GB, Prytherch D et al (2021) The performance of the National Early Warning Score and National Early Warning Score 2 in hospitalised patients infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Resuscitation 159:150\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.10.039","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"3828_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045849","volume":"11","author":"B Alhmoud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alhmoud B, Bonnici T, Patel R, Melley D, Williams B, Banerjee A (2021) Performance of universal early warning scores in different patient subgroups and clinical settings: a systematic review. BMJ Open 11:e045849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045849","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3828_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M et al (2007) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet 370:1453\u20131457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3828_CR14","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2004). ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en. Accessed 27 Nov 2023"},{"key":"3828_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2307\/2332614","volume":"29","author":"JBS Haldane","year":"1940","unstructured":"Haldane JBS (1940) The mean and variance of chi2, when used as a test of homogeneity, when expectations are small. Biometrika 29:133\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2332614","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"3828_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143718764541","volume":"20","author":"C Gilhooley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gilhooley C, Burnhill G, Gardiner D, Vyas H, Davies P (2019) Oxygen saturation and haemodynamic changes prior to circulatory arrest: implications for transplantation and resuscitation. J Intensive Care Soc 20(1):27\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1751143718764541","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Soc"},{"key":"3828_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-6-530","volume":"16","author":"K Stewart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stewart K, Choudry MI, Buckingham R (2016) Learning from hospital mortality. Clin Med (Lond) 16:530\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmedicine.16-6-530","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"3828_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2008.10.003","volume":"96","author":"RC Griggs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Griggs RC, Batshaw M, Dunkle M et al (2009) Clinical research for rare disease: opportunities, challenges, and solutions. Mol Genet Metab 96:20\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2008.10.003","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"3828_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1903.92490090031001k","volume":"XL","author":"AR Reynolds","year":"1903","unstructured":"Reynolds AR (1903) Pneumonia: the new \u2018Captain of the men of death\u2019. Its increasing prevalence and the necessity of methods for its restriction. JAMA XL:583\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1903.92490090031001k","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3828_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.12-5-420","volume":"12","author":"L Ala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ala L, Mack J, Shaw R et al (2012) Selecting ambulatory emergency care (AEC) patients from the medical emergency in-take: the derivation and validation of the Amb score. Clin Med (Lond) 12:420\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7861\/clinmedicine.12-5-420","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"3828_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2013-203200","volume":"32","author":"A Cameron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cameron A, Rodgers K, Ireland A, Jamdar R, McKay GA (2015) A simple tool to predict admission at the time of triage. Emerg Med J 32:174\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emermed-2013-203200","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"3828_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90132-1","volume":"41","author":"P Pompei","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pompei P, Charlson ME, Douglas RG Jr (1988) Clinical assessments as predictors of one year survival after hospitalization: implications for prognostic stratification. J Clin Epidemiol 41:275\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90132-1","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3828_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024636","volume":"9","author":"A Eckart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eckart A, Hauser SI, Kutz A, Haubitz S, Hausfater P, Amin D, Amin A, Huber A, Mueller B, Schuetz P (2019) Combination of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and inflammatory biomarkers for early risk stratification in emergency department patients: results of a multinational, observational study. BMJ Open 9(1):e024636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024636","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["Internal and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-024-03828-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11739-024-03828-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-024-03828-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T05:04:45Z","timestamp":1745039085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11739-024-03828-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-024-03828-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1828-0447","type":"print"},{"value":"1970-9366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Mark Holland: NIHR and HDRUK grant December 2022. Research Activity: \u201cData Science to inform NHS compound winter pressure policy response\u201d HDRUK2022.0324. Research project: Early and safe identification of the right bed for the right person on exiting an Emergency Department setting. This grant did not fund the project related to the submitted manuscript. However, the grant-related project did include the National Early Warning Score and was conducted in collaboration with four authors included in the submitted manuscript. This declaration is made for the purposes of full transparency. At the\u00a0Society for Acute Medicine International Conference, Glasgow, October 2023,\u00a0MH presented a very small amount of data related to the submitted manuscript at this conference,s a guest speaker, MH\u2019s accommodation and train fare were paid for by the event organizers. The work in the submitted manuscript is related to MH\u2019s doctoral studies at the University of Bolton. John Kellet: JK was founder and major shareholder of Tapa Healthcare DAC, a start-up medical software company, which ceased trading in 2022 and is currently undergoing liquidation. Stelios Boulitsakis Logothetis: NIHR and HDRUK grant December 2022. Research Activity: \u201cData Science to inform NHS compound winter pressure policy response\u201d HDRUK2022.0324. Research project: Early and safe identification of the right bed for the right person on exiting an Emergency Department setting. This grant did not fund the project related to the submitted manuscript. However, the grant-related project did include the National Early Warning Score and was conducted in collaboration with four authors included in the submitted manuscript. This declaration is made for the purposes of full transparency. Matthew Watson: NIHR and HDRUK grant December 2022. Research Activity: \u201cData Science to inform NHS compound winter pressure policy response\u201d HDRUK2022.0324. Research project: Early and safe identification of the right bed for the right person on exiting an Emergency Department setting. This grant did not fund the project related to the submitted manuscript. However, the grant-related project did include the National Early Warning Score and was conducted in collaboration with four authors included in the submitted manuscript. This declaration is made for the purposes of full transparency. Noura Al Moubayed: NIHR and HDRUK grant December 2022. Research Activity: \u201cData Science to inform NHS compound winter pressure policy response\u201d HDRUK2022.0324. Research project: Early and safe identification of the right bed for the right person on exiting an Emergency Department setting. This grant did not fund the project related to the submitted manuscript. However, the grant-related project did include the National Early Warning Score and was conducted in collaboration with four authors included in the submitted manuscript. This declaration is made for the purposes of full transparency. Evergreen Life Ltd. NAM is a part-time employee at Evergreen Life Ltd. NAM\u2019s position is Head of Machine Learning and AI. Darren Green: NIHR and HDRUK grant December 2022. Research Activity: \u201cData Science to inform NHS compound winter pressure policy response\u201d HDRUK2022.0324. Research project: Early and safe identification of the right bed for the right person on exiting an Emergency Department setting. This grant did not fund the project related to the submitted manuscript. However, the grant-related project did include the National Early Warning Score and was conducted in collaboration with four authors included in the submitted manuscript. This declaration is made for the purposes of full transparency. DG has received consulting fees from Astra Zeneca (personal) but not related to this manuscript. This information is supplied for full transparency. DG has received honoraria for educational activities with Astra Zeneca (Personal) and Boehringer Ingelheim (Personal) but not related to this manuscript for full transparency.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedure performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committe and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}