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There has been an increasing need for a new organizational model based on the interaction in the same department between the specialist skills of surgical and medical disciplines. This study aims to describe the implementation of a hospitalist co-management program in a Neurosurgery Department (ND) and its impact on the incidence of medical complications, 30\u00a0days readmission rate for medical causes, number of transfers to Intensive Care Units (ICU)\/Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit (NICU) or to medical wards (MW), length-of stay (LOS), mortality and satisfaction of health workers. We conducted an observational study comparing changes before and after the Internal medicine-Neurosurgical Comanagement (INC) intervention. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of patients enrolled before the INC intervention and a prospective evaluation of those enrolled after the INC intervention was implemented. We defined the pre-INC intervention group as 380 patients admitted to the ND for neurosurgical disease between January 2022 and April 2022 and the post-INC intervention group as 367 patients admitted to the ND between January 2023 and April 2023. INC intervention was associated with a significant decrease in medical complications during the hospital stay (OR 0.52; 95% CI; 0.39\u20130.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), 30\u00a0days in-hospital readmission for medical reasons (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93\u20130.97, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and numbers of transfers to ICU\/NICU (OR 0.31; 95% CI; 0.17\u20130.55, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) or MW (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.33\u20130.77, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). During the INC intervention period, we observed a high satisfaction rate in health workers, evaluated by standardized questionnaire. In our study, LOS, in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality were not significantly associated with INC. Hospitalist co-management in Neurosurgical Departments was associated with a reduced incidence of medical complications, 30-days in-hospital readmission and numbers of transfers to ICU\/NICU or MW with a high satisfaction rate among healthcare workers, but without a significant decrease in LOS and mortality rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-025-03866-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T19:33:33Z","timestamp":1739302413000},"page":"751-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comanagement of surgical patients between neurosurgeons and internal-medicine clinicians: observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5214-0345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ombretta","family":"Para","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel Byju","family":"Valuparampil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Merilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Parenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Angoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Refaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzia","family":"Onesto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Barbacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Nozzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Della Puppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3866_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd10.120137","volume":"10","author":"KA Lochner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lochner KA, Cox CS (2013) Prevalence of multiple chronic conditions among medicare beneficiaries, United States, 2010. 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