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RP has received grants from U-BIOPRED and AIRPROM, Integral Rheumatology & Immunology, Specialists Network (IRIS), Foundation for a Global Action to End Smoking (formerly known as Foundation for Smoke-Free World), Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, CV Therapeu- tics, NeuroSearch A\/S, Sandoz, Merk Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Arbi Group Srl., Duska Therapeutics, Forest Laboratories, Ministero dell Universita\u2019 e della Ricerca (MUR) Bando PNRR 3277\/2021 (CUP E63C22000900006) and 341\/2022 (CUP E63C22002080006), funded by NextGenerationEU of the European Union (EU), and the ministerial grant PON REACT-EU 2021 GREEN Bando 3411\/2021 by Ministero dell Universita' e (MUR)\u2013PNRR EU Community. RP receives consultancy fees from Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Duska Therapeutics, Forest Laboratories, CV Therapeutics, Sermo Inc., GRG Health, Clarivate Analytics, Guidepoint Expert Network, and GLG Group. He receives textbooks royalties from Elsevier. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the principles of Good Clinical Practice and the Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical clearance for this protocol was obtained through the ethical review board \u201cComitato Etico Catania 1\u201d at Policlinico Teaching Hospital of Catania (n. 152\/2022\/PO del Registro dei pareri del CE) on September 29, 2022.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical standards and Human and animal rights statement"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained\u00a0from all subjects participating in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}