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This study examines the relationship between sex and glycemic control, chronic treatment patterns, and hospitalization outcomes in patients with T2DM. A historical cohort of 5,133 adult T2DM patients hospitalized for\u2009&gt;\u200924\u00a0h at a tertiary Israeli medical center in 2023 was analyzed. Outcomes included hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, length of stay, 30-day readmission, and mortality. Propensity score matching and multivariable regression were applied to adjust for confounding variables. Men were more frequently treated with chronic aspirin therapy than women (35.8% vs. 29.4%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), a difference that remained significant after multivariable adjustment (aOR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.13\u20131.52;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Male sex was also associated with higher rates of hyperglycemia (76.4% vs. 73.3%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.009) and severe hyperglycemia (48.6% vs. 43.7%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with these associations persisting after adjustment (hyperglycemia: aOR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.46;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02; severe hyperglycemia: aOR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09\u20131.49;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002) and confirmed in propensity score-matched analyses. One-month rehospitalization rates were also higher in men (12.7% vs. 11.1%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.088), reaching statistical significance after multivariable adjustment (aOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.55;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02). Sex-based disparities persist in inpatient glycemic control and chronic treatment patterns. Men are more prone to hyperglycemia and rehospitalization, while women are less likely to receive guideline-recommended cardioprotective therapies. A sex-specific approach may improve inpatient diabetes management and long-term outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-025-04170-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:46:36Z","timestamp":1762004796000},"page":"141-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex based disparities in glycemic control and hospitalization outcomes of medical patients with diabetes mellitus\u2014a historical cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7236-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronit","family":"Koren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matan","family":"Elkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Barouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomer","family":"Ziv-Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4170_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1752511","volume":"17","author":"D Shang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang D, Wang L, Klionsky DJ, Cheng H, Zhou R (2021) Sex differences in autophagy-mediated diseases: toward precision medicine. 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