{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T17:14:30Z","timestamp":1776359670180,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern Emerg Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-026-04357-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:28:24Z","timestamp":1776356904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FIB-4 predicts coronary disease and early outcomes in unstable angina pectoris"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4005-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sercan","family":"Dolkundari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selen","family":"Acehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6080-4287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salim","family":"Satar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5080-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muge","family":"Gulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0271-9305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarper","family":"Sevdimbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6159-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet","family":"Gorur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7067-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadir","family":"Nigiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"38","key":"4357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","volume":"44","author":"RA Byrne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, ESC Scientific Document Group et al (2023) 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 44(38):3720\u20133826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"17","key":"4357_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181ec61df","volume":"122","author":"EA Amsterdam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amsterdam EA, Kirk JD, Bluemke DA, Diercks D, Farkouh ME, Garvey JL, American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research et al (2010) Testing of low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 122(17):1756\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181ec61df","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"9","key":"4357_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1161\/10.4065\/75.9.953","volume":"75","author":"GS Reeder","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reeder GS (2000) Contemporary diagnosis and management of unstable angina. Mayo Clin Proc 75(9):953\u2013957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/10.4065\/75.9.953","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"7401","key":"4357_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7401.1259","volume":"326","author":"ED Grech","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grech ED, Ramsdale DR (2003) Acute coronary syndrome: unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. BMJ 326(7401):1259\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.326.7401.1259","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"15","key":"4357_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070829","volume":"356","author":"WE Boden","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boden WE, O\u2019Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, COURAGE Trial Research Group et al (2007) Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 356(15):1503\u20131516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa070829","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4357_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178","volume":"43","author":"RK Sterling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sterling RK, Lissen E, Clumeck N, Sola R, Correa MC, Montaner J, APRICOT Clinical Investigators et al (2006) Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection. Hepatology 43(6):1317\u20131325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21178","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4357_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11010076","volume":"11","author":"M Gaggini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gaggini M, Minichilli F, Gorini F, Turco SD, Landi P, Pingitore A et al (2022) FIB-4 index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio as death predictor in coronary artery disease patients. Biomedicines 11(1):76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11010076","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"4357_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/mtod.2022.23","author":"S Ballestri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ballestri S, Mantovani A, GirolamoM Di, Baldelli E, Capitelli M, Lonardo A (2023) Liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: noninvasive evaluation and correlation with cardiovascular disease and mortality. Metab Target Organ Damage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/mtod.2022.23","journal-title":"Metab Target Organ Damage"},{"issue":"4","key":"4357_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11580","volume":"24","author":"M Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao M, Li T, Li Z, Gong F, Chen Z (2022) A retrospective study on the relationship between fibrosis\u20114 index and all\u2011cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 24(4):643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2022.11580","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4357_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-07987-1","volume":"68","author":"BB McNally","year":"2023","unstructured":"McNally BB, Rangan P, Wijarnpreecha K, Fallon MB (2023) Fibrosis-4 index score predicts concomitant coronary artery diseases across the spectrum of fatty liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 68(9):3765\u20133773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-023-07987-1","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4357_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01204.x","volume":"3","author":"S Schulman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schulman S, Kearon C, Subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (2005) Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients. J Thromb Haemost 3(4):692\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01204.x","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"4357_CR12","unstructured":"Podrid PJ, Kowey PR (eds). Cardiac arrhythmia: mechanisms, diagnosis, and management. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001."},{"issue":"7578","key":"4357_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38985.646481.55","volume":"333","author":"KA Fox","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fox KA, Dabbous OH, Goldberg RJ, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Van de Werf F et al (2006) Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational observational study (GRACE). BMJ 333(7578):1091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.38985.646481.55","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"4357_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03086144","volume":"16","author":"AJ Six","year":"2008","unstructured":"Six AJ, Backus BE, Kelder JC (2008) Chest pain in the emergency room: value of the HEART score. Neth Heart J 16(6):191\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03086144","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4357_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21669","volume":"46","author":"A Vallet-Pichard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vallet-Pichard A, Mallet V, Nalpas B, Verkarre V, Nalpas A, Dhalluin-Venier V et al (2007) FIB-4: an inexpensive and accurate marker of fibrosis in HCV infection. Comparison with liver biopsy and fibrotest. Hepatology 46(1):32\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21669","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4357_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15020190","volume":"15","author":"M Alves","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alves M, Laranjeira F, Correia-da-Silva G (2024) Understanding hypertriglyceridemia: integrating genetic insights. Genes 15(2):190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes15020190","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"19","key":"4357_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015801","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015801","volume":"9","author":"M Arca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arca M, Veronesi C, D\u2019Erasmo L, Borghi C, Colivicchi F, De Ferrari GM, Local Health Units Group \u2020 et al (2020) Association of hypertriglyceridemia with all-cause mortality and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in a low-risk italian population: the TG-REAL retrospective cohort analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 9(19):e015801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.015801","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"4357_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637793","volume":"115","author":"N Sarwar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S, Boekholdt SM, Khaw KT, Gudnason V (2007) Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation 115(4):450\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637793","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4357_CR19","first-page":"44","volume":"21","author":"MZ Islam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Islam MZ, Faruque M, Bari MA, Islam MS, Khan MK, Khan NA et al (2012) Correlation of triglyceride level with acute coronary syndrome. Mymensingh Med J 21(1):44\u201348","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4357_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.07.013","volume":"1821","author":"K Alwaili","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alwaili K, Bailey D, Awan Z, Bailey SD, Ruel I, Hafiane A et al (2012) The HDL proteome in acute coronary syndromes shifts to an inflammatory profile. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821(3):405\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.07.013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"4357_CR21","first-page":"508","volume":"27","author":"MZ Islam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Islam MZ, Islam MN, Bhowmik TK, Roy AK, Saha B, Hossain MS et al (2018) Association of low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol with acute coronary syndrome. Mymensingh Med J 27(3):508\u2013512","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"4357_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328356a5f2","volume":"13","author":"T Kodama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kodama T, Narula N, Agozzino M, Arbustini E (2012) Pathology of plaque haemorrhage and neovascularization of coronary artery. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 13(10):620\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2459\/JCM.0b013e328356a5f2","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4357_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2017.58.406","volume":"58","author":"T Jakimov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jakimov T, Mrdovi\u0107 I, Filipovi\u0107 B, Zdravkovi\u0107 M, Djokovi\u0107 A, Hini\u0107 S et al (2017) Comparison of RISK-PCI, GRACE, TIMI risk scores for prediction of major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Croat Med J 58(6):406\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3325\/cmj.2017.58.406","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4357_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2012.01.001","volume":"33","author":"F D'Ascenzo","year":"2012","unstructured":"D\u2019Ascenzo F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Moretti C, Bollati M, Omed\u00e8 P, Sciuto F et al (2012) TIMI, GRACE and alternative risk scores in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of 40 derivation studies on 216,552 patients and of 42 validation studies on 31,625 patients. Contemp Clin Trials 33(3):507\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2012.01.001","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"4357_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi187","volume":"26","author":"P de Ara\u00fajo Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Ara\u00fajo Gon\u00e7alves P, Ferreira J, Aguiar C, Seabra-Gomes R (2005) TIMI, PURSUIT, and GRACE risk scores: sustained prognostic value and interaction with revascularization in NSTE-ACS. Eur Heart J 26(9):865\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi187","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"4357_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-025-04094-z","author":"M Gorur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gorur M, Satar S, Acehan S, Gulen M, Nigiz K, Sevd\u0131mbas S (2025) FIB-4, a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis, predicts mortality and adverse events after acute myocardial \u0131nfarction. Intern Emerg Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-025-04094-z","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4357_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01031-y","volume":"15","author":"M Namakchian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Namakchian M, Rabizadeh S, Seifouri S, Asadigandomani H, Bafrani MA, Seifouri K et al (2023) Fibrosis score 4 index has an independent relationship with coronary artery diseases in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 15(1):57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-023-01031-y","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4357_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae619","volume":"110","author":"G Georgiopoulos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Georgiopoulos G, Athanasopoulos S, Mavraganis G, Konstantaki C, Papaioannou M, Delialis D et al (2025) Incremental value of blood-based markers of liver fibrosis in cardiovascular risk stratification. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 110(4):1115\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae619","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Internal and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04357-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04357-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04357-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T16:28:32Z","timestamp":1776356912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04357-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["4357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04357-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1828-0447","type":"print"},{"value":"1970-9366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. No animal studies were involved.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights statement"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}