{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:55:24Z","timestamp":1791474924131,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005874","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. D'Annunzio Chieti Pescara","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern Emerg Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and is increasingly recognized as a systemic cardiometabolic disorder. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents the leading cause of mortality in patients with MASLD. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical impact of MASLD on cardiovascular outcomes. We reviewed epidemiological studies, mechanistic investigations, imaging-based analyses, and large population-based cohorts evaluating the association between MASLD and cardiovascular disease, with particular attention to major adverse cardiovascular events, subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic complications. MASLD is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, and venous thromboembolism; in several cohorts, this association persists after adjustment for traditional CV risk factors, although residual confounding and population heterogeneity should be considered. Liver fibrosis severity consistently emerges as a major modifier of CV risk. Pathophysiological mechanisms linking MASLD to ASCVD include insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, prothrombotic alterations, and dysregulation of the gut\u2013liver\u2013heart axis. These shared pathways support a bidirectional relationship in which hepatic steatosis both reflects and amplifies systemic cardiometabolic injury. MASLD should be regarded as a CV risk enhancer rather than a liver-confined disease. Early identification of MASLD, assessment of fibrosis burden, and integrated cardiometabolic management are essential to improve long-term outcomes. Future studies should determine whether targeted treatment of MASLD translates into sustained reductions in CV morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-026-04497-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:09:49Z","timestamp":1787818189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u2060From liver to cardiovascular system: the MASLD\u2013ASCVD continuum"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Boccatonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marialuisa Sveva","family":"Marozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Cipollone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Lauletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiano","family":"D\u2019Ardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Cicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cipollone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2023.101133","volume":"29","author":"ME Rinella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F et al (2024) A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Ann Hepatol 29(1):101133","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","volume":"73","author":"M Eslam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eslam M, Newsome PN, Sarin SK, Anstee QM, Targher G, Romero-Gomez M et al (2020) A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol 73(1):202\u2013209","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4497_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0094","volume":"48","author":"K Cusi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cusi K, Abdelmalek MF, Apovian CM, Balapattabi K, Bannuru RR, Barb D et al (2025) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in people with diabetes: the need for screening and early intervention. A consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 48(7):1057\u20131082","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"22","key":"4497_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.20467","volume":"334","author":"R Rubin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rubin R (2025) MASLD-the chronic liver disease that affects tens of millions of us adults but flies under the radar. JAMA 334(22):1968\u20131970","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"4497_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03283-1","volume":"30","author":"V Raverdy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raverdy V, Tavaglione F, Chatelain E, Lassailly G, De Vincentis A, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U et al (2024) Data-driven cluster analysis identifies distinct types of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Nat Med 30(12):3624\u20133633","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4497_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2412865","volume":"393","author":"G Targher","year":"2025","unstructured":"Targher G, Valenti L, Byrne CD (2025) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. N Engl J Med 393(7):683\u2013698","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14010056","volume":"14","author":"F Termite","year":"2025","unstructured":"Termite F, Archilei S, D\u2019Ambrosio F, Petrucci L, Viceconti N, Iaccarino R et al (2025) Gut microbiota at the crossroad of hepatic oxidative stress and MASLD. Antioxidants (Basel). 14(1):56","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)."},{"issue":"4","key":"4497_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.09.033","volume":"82","author":"S Ran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ran S, Zhang J, Tian F, Qian ZM, Wei S, Wang Y et al (2025) Association of metabolic signatures of air pollution with MASLD: observational and Mendelian randomization study. J Hepatol 82(4):560\u2013570","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4497_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136921","author":"N Nishimura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nishimura N, Kaji K, Kitagawa K, Sawada Y, Furukawa M, Ozutsumi T et al (2021) Intestinal permeability is a mechanical rheostat in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22136921","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2023.07.003","volume":"9","author":"F Violi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Violi F, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Cammisotto V (2024) Endotoxemia and platelets: 2 players of intrahepatic microthrombosis in NAFLD. JACC Basic Transl Sci 9(3):404\u2013413","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4497_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31056","volume":"72","author":"G Carpino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carpino G, Del Ben M, Pastori D, Carnevale R, Baratta F, Overi D et al (2020) Increased liver localization of lipopolysaccharides in human and experimental NAFLD. Hepatology 72(2):470\u2013485","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4497_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00479-24","volume":"207","author":"M Iqbal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Iqbal M, Yu Q, Tang J, Xiang J (2025) Unraveling the gut microbiota\u2019s role in obesity: key metabolites, microbial species, and therapeutic insights. J Bacteriol 207(5):e0047924","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"48","key":"4497_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30569","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c08378","volume":"73","author":"M He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He M, Tan CP, Liu Y (2025) Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and cardiovascular disease: focus on trimethylamine-N-oxide. J Agric Food Chem 73(48):30569\u201330581","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"4497_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011128","author":"S Ziolkowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziolkowska S, Binienda A, Jab\u0142kowski M, Szemraj J, Czarny P (2021) The interplay between insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, base excision repair and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222011128","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10290","key":"4497_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32511-3","volume":"397","author":"EE Powell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Powell EE, Wong VW, Rinella M (2021) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Lancet 397(10290):2212\u20132224","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.06.083","volume":"155","author":"A Mansouri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mansouri A, Gattolliat CH, Asselah T (2018) Mitochondrial dysfunction and signaling in chronic liver diseases. Gastroenterology 155(3):629\u2013647","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4497_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.012","volume":"70","author":"A Hammoutene","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hammoutene A, Rautou PE (2019) Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 70(6):1278\u20131291","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4497_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.07.030","volume":"19","author":"NM Meyersohn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meyersohn NM, Mayrhofer T, Corey KE, Bittner DO, Staziaki PV, Szilveszter B et al (2021) Association of hepatic steatosis with major adverse cardiovascular events, independent of coronary artery disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 19(7):1480\u20138.e14","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4497_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14484","volume":"24","author":"CD Byrne","year":"2022","unstructured":"Byrne CD, Targher G (2022) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related risk of cardiovascular disease and other cardiac complications. Diabetes Obes Metab 24(Suppl 2):28\u201343","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2306192","volume":"56","author":"Q Lv","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lv Q, Zhao H (2024) The association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with the risk of myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 56(1):2306192","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"4497_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.70053","author":"Y Huber","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huber Y, Hofmann L, Prochaska JH, Koeck T, Chalabi J, Pfeiffer N et al (2025) Incidence of major cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the general population. Eur J Heart Fail. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.70053","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89293-6","volume":"15","author":"GE Chung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chung GE, Yu SJ, Yoo JJ, Cho Y, Lee KN, Shin DW et al (2025) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases cardiovascular disease risk in young adults. Sci Rep 15(1):5777","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.001","volume":"83","author":"G Issa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Issa G, Shang Y, Strandberg R, Hagstr\u00f6m H, Wester A (2025) Cause-specific mortality in 13,099 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Sweden. J Hepatol 83(3):643\u2013651","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4497_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16568","volume":"27","author":"M Jamalinia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jamalinia M, Zare F, Mantovani A, Targher G, Lonardo A (2025) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and sex-specific risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 27(9):5171\u20135181","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"4497_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.12.026","volume":"18","author":"F Baratta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baratta F, Pastori D, Angelico F, Balla A, Paganini AM, Cocomello N et al (2020) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 18(10):2324\u201331.e4","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-31289-3","volume":"16","author":"Y Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee Y, Lee W (2025) Time-updated FIB-4 index predicts coronary artery calcification progression in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Sci Rep. 16(1):1459","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.70162","volume":"41","author":"YC Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang YC, Wang CW, Huang JC, Liang PC, Yeh ML, Chen YY et al (2025) FIB-4 serves as a referral index for coronary artery calcification in patients with MASLD. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 41(1):332\u2013340","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.18015","volume":"60","author":"N Tamaki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tamaki N, Kimura T, Wakabayashi SI, Umemura T, Kurosaki M, Loomba R et al (2024) Long-term clinical outcomes in steatotic liver disease and incidence of liver-related events, cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 60(1):61\u201369","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"4497_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2025.1809","volume":"185","author":"P Ochoa-Allemant","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ochoa-Allemant P, Hubbard RA, Kaplan DE, Serper M (2025) Adverse liver outcomes, cardiovascular events, and mortality in steatotic liver disease. JAMA Intern Med 185(8):986\u2013995","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4497_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.07.035","volume":"75","author":"D Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim D, Konyn P, Sandhu KK, Dennis BB, Cheung AC, Ahmed A (2021) Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is associated with increased all-cause mortality in the United States. J Hepatol 75(6):1284\u20131291","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02824-3","volume":"24","author":"E Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han E, Han KD, Lee YH, Kim KS, Hong S, Park JH et al (2025) Association of temporal MASLD with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Cardiovasc Diabetol 24(1):289","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"25","key":"4497_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","volume":"42","author":"SCORE2 Working Group and ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration","year":"2021","unstructured":"SCORE2 Working Group and ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration (2021) SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J 42(25):2439\u20132454","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"28","key":"4497_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad260","volume":"44","author":"SCORE2-Diabetes Working Group and the ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration","year":"2023","unstructured":"SCORE2-Diabetes Working Group and the ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration (2023) SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe. Eur Heart J 44(28):2544\u20132556","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-026-03208-x","volume":"25","author":"Y Huang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Huang Y, Xu Y, Zhang C, Gu W, Li Y, Zhang H et al (2026) Comparative performance of insulin resistance-related indices in predicting adverse cardiovascular events among individuals with NAFLD and MASLD: a multi-center cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 25(1):194","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-331003","volume":"73","author":"HH Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee HH, Lee HA, Kim EJ, Kim HY, Kim HC, Ahn SH et al (2024) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease. Gut 73(3):533\u2013540","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"4497_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2025.101479","volume":"7","author":"SC Yin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yin SC, Chen YT, Chang WT, Chen TI, Yang TH, Liu XR et al (2025) Attributable burden of steatotic liver disease on cardiovascular outcomes in Asia. JHEP Rep 7(9):101479","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0406","volume":"28","author":"ASP Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang ASP, Chan KE, Quek J, Xiao J, Tay P, Teng M et al (2022) NAFLD increases risk of carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke: an updated meta-analysis with 135,602 individuals. Clin Mol Hepatol 28(3):483\u2013496","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4497_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15277","volume":"29","author":"M Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu M, Zha M, Lv Q, Xie Y, Yuan K, Zhang X et al (2022) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and stroke: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Neurol 29(5):1534\u20131537","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4497_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14188","volume":"54","author":"O De Filippo","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Filippo O, Di Pietro G, Nebiolo M, Ribaldone DG, Gatti M, Bruno F et al (2024) Increased prevalence of high-risk coronary plaques in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease patients: a meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 54(9):e14188","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24953","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-10380-9","volume":"15","author":"J Jeong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jeong J, Han S, Park GM, Park S, Jeon YJ, Lim S et al (2025) Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: observation cohort study. Sci Rep 15(1):24953","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4497_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2024.06.002","volume":"86","author":"X Cai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cai X, Su X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Pan Y, Jin A et al (2025) Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is associated with the presence of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and plaque burden. Hellenic J Cardiol 86:91\u201399","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4497_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15733","volume":"26","author":"JJ Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang JJ, Zheng Z, Zhang Y (2024) Association of overweight\/obesity and overweight\/obesity-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in young adults with coronary artery calcification later in life. Diabetes Obes Metab 26(9):3860\u20133867","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02268-1","volume":"23","author":"T Nishihara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nishihara T, Miyoshi T, Nakashima M, Miki T, Toda H, Yoshida M et al (2024) Prognostic value of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease over coronary computed tomography angiography findings: comparison with no-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 23(1):167","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01518-4","volume":"21","author":"Y Matsubayashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matsubayashi Y, Fujihara K, Yamada-Harada M, Mitsuma Y, Sato T, Yaguchi Y et al (2022) Impact of metabolic syndrome and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on cardiovascular risk by the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes and according to sex. Cardiovasc Diabetol 21(1):90","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2024.0042","volume":"49","author":"R Oh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oh R, Kim S, Cho SH, Kim J, Lee YB, Jin SM et al (2025) Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. Diabetes Metab J 49(1):80\u201391","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2024.103798","volume":"35","author":"J Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Chen J et al (2025) MAFLD as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events among CHD patients with LDL-C<1.8\u00a0mmol\/L. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 35(3):103798","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"4497_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082690","author":"A Sonaglioni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sonaglioni A, Cerini F, Fagiani V, Nicolosi GL, Rumi MG, Lombardo M et al (2025) Effect of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) on left ventricular mechanics in patients without overt cardiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14082690","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4497_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3697","author":"K Wegermann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wegermann K, Chouairi F, Karachaliou GS, Ahlers C, Au S, Miller K et al (2025) Incident heart failure is common and underrecognized in patients with biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Heart Fail. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.3697","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.16218","volume":"45","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Morandin R, Sani E, Fiorio V, Shtembari E, Bonapace S et al (2025) MASLD is associated with an increased long-term risk of atrial fibrillation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int 45(1):e16128","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"14","key":"4497_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.125.042003","volume":"14","author":"M Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim M, Son M, Moon SY, Baek YH (2025) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, alcohol consumption, and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study. J Am Heart Assoc 14(14):e042003","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"4497_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2022.101416","volume":"49","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Csermely A, Taverna A, Cappelli D, Benfari G, Bonapace S et al (2023) Association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 49(2):101416","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"4497_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.10.050","volume":"22","author":"Y Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao Y, Li X, Yang J, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Wu S et al (2025) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and major cardiovascular events in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Rhythm 22(9):2353\u20132360","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"6","key":"4497_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24015","volume":"46","author":"A Naderi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naderi A, Farjam M, Mojarrad Sani M, Abdollahi A, Alkamel A, Keshavarzian O et al (2023) The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and corrected QT interval prolongation among generally healthy Iranian population: Fasa Cohort Study (FACS). Clin Cardiol 46(6):615\u2013621","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4497_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13419","volume":"75","author":"YC Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao YC, Zhao GJ, Chen Z, She ZG, Cai J, Li H (2020) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging driver of hypertension. Hypertension 75(2):275\u2013284","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"4497_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002299","volume":"34","author":"S Ciardullo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ciardullo S, Grassi G, Mancia G, Perseghin G (2022) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 34(4):365\u2013371","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4497_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01209-x","volume":"46","author":"N Nakagawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakagawa N (2023) Fatty liver index has potential as a predictor of hypertension in the Japanese general population. Hypertens Res 46(4):896\u2013897","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"4497_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539283","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1539283","volume":"12","author":"Z Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao Z, Deng H, Qin B, Bai L, Li J, Zhang J (2025) Impact of hypertension on liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 12:1539283","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"11","key":"4497_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60111781","volume":"60","author":"A Boccatonda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boccatonda A, D\u2019Ardes D, Moronti V, Santilli J, Cipollone A, Lessiani G et al (2024) From MASLD to PAD: looking for cardiovascular disease starting from metabolic status. Medicina (Kaunas). 60(11):1781","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)."},{"issue":"8","key":"4497_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01792-9","volume":"45","author":"S Ciardullo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ciardullo S, Bianconi E, Cannistraci R, Parmeggiani P, Marone EM, Perseghin G (2022) Peripheral artery disease and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with NAFLD. J Endocrinol Invest 45(8):1547\u20131553","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"4497_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S394414","volume":"16","author":"XH Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song XH, Liu B, Lei F, Liu YM, Zhang X, Chen Z et al (2023) The association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and peripheral arterial disease in the Chinese population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 16:373\u2013384","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"22","key":"4497_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.035265","volume":"13","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang J, Jin R, Xu Z, Zhao X, Li Y et al (2024) Associations of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with peripheral artery disease: prospective analysis in the UK biobank and ARIC study. J Am Heart Assoc 13(22):e035265","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02705-9","volume":"24","author":"D Denimal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Denimal D, Ponnaiah M, Phan F, Jeannin AC, Redheuil A, Salem JE et al (2025) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) biomarkers and progression of lower limb arterial calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 24(1):176","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4497_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.70075","volume":"55","author":"V Ciornolutchii","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ciornolutchii V, Ismaiel A, Bogdan J, Popa SL, Surdea-Blaga T, Dumitrascu DL (2025) From liver to limb: exploring the association between fatty liver disease and peripheral artery disease-a systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 55(10):e70075","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"48","key":"4497_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6119","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i48.6119","volume":"16","author":"MN Di Minno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Di Minno MN, Tufano A, Rusolillo A, Di Minno G, Tarantino G (2010) High prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism. World J Gastroenterol 16(48):6119\u20136122","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42963-9","volume":"13","author":"C-Y Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim C-Y, Kim N, Roh J-H (2023) Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and venous thromboembolic disease in healthy adults in Korea: a nationwide study. Sci Rep 13(1):16069","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4497_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2024.102447","volume":"8","author":"LJJ Scheres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Scheres LJJ, Br\u00e6kkan SK, Verlaan JPL, Cannegieter SC, Hansen JB, Morelli VM (2024) The fatty liver index and risk of incident venous thromboembolism: the Troms\u00f8 study. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 8(4):102447","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"45","key":"4497_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031710","volume":"101","author":"AR Zeina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeina AR, Kopelman Y, Mari A, Ahmad HS, Artul S, Khalaila AS et al (2022) Pulmonary embolism risk in hospitalized patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 101(45):e31710","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41424-018-0002-y","volume":"9","author":"JG Stine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stine JG, Niccum BA, Zimmet AN, Intagliata N, Caldwell SH, Argo CK et al (2018) Increased risk of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 9(3):e140","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"34","key":"4497_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8126","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i34.8126","volume":"11","author":"MG Suresh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suresh MG, Gogtay M, Singh Y, Yadukumar L, Mishra AK, Abraham GM (2023) Case-control analysis of venous thromboembolism risk in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosed by transient elastography. World J Clin Cases 11(34):8126\u20138138","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"4497_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2025.109395","volume":"253","author":"DE Gonz\u00e1lez-Mendoza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mendoza DE, Fern\u00e1ndez-Nogueira F, Uribe M, Ch\u00e1vez-Tapia NC, Nu\u00f1o-L\u00e1mbarri N (2025) Hemostatic alterations in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and their link to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thromb Res 253:109395","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"4497_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2024.08.023","volume":"22","author":"N Pandey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pandey N, Anand SK, Kaur H, Richard KSE, Chandaluri L, Butler ME et al (2024) Enhanced venous thrombosis and hypercoagulability in murine and human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. J Thromb Haemost 22(12):3572\u20133580","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","volume":"67","author":"N Chalasani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Charlton M, Cusi K, Rinella M et al (2018) The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 67(1):328\u2013357","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"38","key":"4497_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf314","volume":"46","author":"S Romeo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Romeo S, Vidal-Puig A, Husain M, Ahima R, Arca M, Bhatt DL et al (2025) Clinical staging to guide management of metabolic disorders and their sequelae: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement. Eur Heart J 46(38):3685\u20133713","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4497_CR74","first-page":"473","volume":"14","author":"A Boccatonda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boccatonda A, Del Cane L, Marola L, D\u2019Ardes D, Lessiani G, di Gregorio N et al (2024) Platelet, antiplatelet therapy and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a narrative review. Life (Basel). 14(4):473","journal-title":"Life (Basel)."},{"issue":"11","key":"4497_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1215","volume":"331","author":"TG Simon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simon TG, Wilechansky RM, Stoyanova S, Grossman A, Dichtel LE, Lauer GM et al (2024) Aspirin for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease without cirrhosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 331(11):920\u2013929","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"4497_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.04.061","volume":"17","author":"TG Simon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simon TG, Henson J, Osganian S, Masia R, Chan AT, Chung RT et al (2019) Daily aspirin use associated with reduced risk for fibrosis progression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 17(13):2776\u201384.e4","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4497_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14943","volume":"88","author":"D Pastori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pastori D, Pani A, Di Rocco A, Menichelli D, Gazzaniga G, Farcomeni A et al (2022) Statin liver safety in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and metanalysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 88(2):441\u2013451","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"4497_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1468476","volume":"15","author":"B Jiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiao B, Wang B, Liu B, Zhao J, Zhang Y (2024) Potential impact of ezetimibe on patients with NAFLD\/NASH: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 15:1468476","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.10.008","volume":"17","author":"M Vujkovic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vujkovic M (2024) Assessing long-term liver safety of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors using human genetics. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 17(1):173\u2013174","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4497_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","volume":"384","author":"PN Newsome","year":"2021","unstructured":"Newsome PN, Buchholtz K, Cusi K, Linder M, Okanoue T, Ratziu V et al (2021) A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 384(12):1113\u20131124","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"4497_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2413258","volume":"392","author":"AJ Sanyal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sanyal AJ, Newsome PN, Kliers I, \u00d8stergaard LH, Long MT, Kj\u00e6r MS et al (2025) Phase 3 trial of semaglutide in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med 392(21):2089\u20132099","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4497_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70629","author":"TR Peng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Peng TR, Lin HH, Tseng TL, Wu TW, Chao YC (2026) Clinical evidence of semaglutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): an updated meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bcp.70629","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4497_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.02.022","volume":"23","author":"SA Harrison","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harrison SA, Frias JP, Lucas KJ, Reiss G, Neff G, Bollepalli S et al (2025) Safety and efficacy of efruxifermin in combination with a GLP-1 receptor agonist in patients with NASH\/MASH and type 2 diabetes in a randomized phase 2 study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 23(1):103\u2013113","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4497_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15930","volume":"44","author":"S Petta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petta S, Targher G, Romeo S, Pajvani UB, Zheng MH, Aghemo A et al (2024) The first MASH drug therapy on the horizon: current perspectives of resmetirom. Liver Int 44(7):1526\u20131536","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"4497_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001254","volume":"82","author":"M Souza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Souza M, Al-Sharif L, Antunes VLJ, Huang DQ, Loomba R (2025) Comparison of pharmacological therapies in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis for fibrosis regression and MASH resolution: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hepatology 82(6):1523\u20131533","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"4497_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.014","volume":"79","author":"AJ Sanyal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanyal AJ, Ratziu V, Loomba R, Anstee QM, Kowdley KV, Rinella ME et al (2023) Results from a new efficacy and safety analysis of the REGENERATE trial of obeticholic acid for treatment of pre-cirrhotic fibrosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 79(5):1110\u20131120","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4497_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i4.99312","volume":"31","author":"L Pirola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pirola L (2025) Elafibranor, a dual PPAR\u03b1 and PPAR\u03b4 agonist, reduces alcohol-associated liver disease: lessons from a mouse model. World J Gastroenterol 31(4):99312","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4497_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0803-x","volume":"26","author":"F Rubino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rubino F, Puhl RM, Cummings DE, Eckel RH, Ryan DH, Mechanick JI et al (2020) Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity. Nat Med 26(4):485\u2013497","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4497_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goaa057","volume":"9","author":"M Izzy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izzy M, Angirekula M, Abu Dayyeh BK, Bazerbachi F, Watt KD (2021) Bariatric surgery proves long-term benefit in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterol Rep 9(3):252\u2013256","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep"}],"container-title":["Internal and Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04497-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04497-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04497-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:02:12Z","timestamp":1787824932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04497-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["4497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-026-04497-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1828-0447","1970-9366"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1828-0447","type":"print"},{"value":"1970-9366","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Given the nature of this study as a review article, ethical approval and informed consent were not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human and animal rights statement and Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}