{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:40:17Z","timestamp":1790239217576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the paradigm of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised mammals. Prior to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic and the use of immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplant and cancer patients,\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was regarded as a curiosity, rarely observed clinically. Interest in this organism exploded when it was identified as the agent of\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia (PcP), the direct cause of death among many AIDS patients. Aggressive prophylaxis has decreased the number of acute PcP cases, but it remains among the most prevalent opportunistic infections found within this patient population. The taxonomic assignment of\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    has long been argued; molecular genetics data now demonstrate that it is a fungus. Several antimycotic drugs are targeted against ergosterol or its biosynthesis, but these are not as effective against PcP as they are against other fungal infections. This can now be explained in part by the identification of the sterols of\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The organism lacks ergosterol but contains distinct C\n                    <jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub>\n                    and C\n                    <jats:sub>29<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    24\u2010alkylsterols. Also, 24\u2010methylenelanost\u20108\u2010en\u20103\u03b2\u2010ol (C\n                    <jats:sub>31<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and pneumocysterol, (24Z)\u2010ethylidenelanost\u20108\u2010en\u20103\u03b2\u2010ol (C\n                    <jats:sub>32<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were recently identified in organisms infecting humans. Together, the \u0394\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    24\u2010alkylsterols and pneumocysterol are regarded as signature lipids of the pathogen that can be useful for the diagnosis of PcP, since no other lung pathogen is known to contain them. Cholesterol (C\n                    <jats:sub>27<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), the dominant sterol component in\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is probably totally scavenged from the host.\n                    <jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    synthesis of sterols has been demonstrated by the presence of lovastatin\u2010sensitive 3\u2010hydroxy\u20103\u2010methylglutaryl\u2010CoA reductase activity, the incorporation of radiolabeled mevalonate and squalene into\n                    <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    sterols, and the reduction in cellular ATP in cells treated with inhibitors of enzymes in sterol biosynthesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-000-0528-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,13]],"date-time":"2006-11-13T12:38:22Z","timestamp":1163421502000},"page":"317-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["C\n                    <sub>27<\/sub>\n                    to C\n                    <sub>32<\/sub>\n                    sterols found in\n                    <i>Pneumocystis<\/i>\n                    , and opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised mammals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Edna S.","family":"Kaneshiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221\u20100006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Wyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio 45221\u20100006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia","author":"Walzer P.D.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","first-page":"645","volume-title":"Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections, Medical Mycology","author":"Cushion M.T.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02536422"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Antifungal Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors","volume":"28","author":"Guo D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Subcell. 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