{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:10:28Z","timestamp":1790968228066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The synthesis of docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22\u22366n\u22123) and Osbond acid (OA, 22\u22365n\u22126) is regulated by the heterodimer of peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR). 9\u2010<jats:italic>Cis<\/jats:italic> retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, is the most potent ligand of RXR. We tested whether vitamin A deficiency impairs DHA and OA synthesis in rats fed a vitamin A\u2010 and \u03b1\u2010linolenic acid (ALA)\u2010sufficient (VASALAS), vitamin A\u2010sufficient and ALA\u2010deficient (VASALAD), vitamin A\u2010deficient and ALA\u2010sufficient (VADALAS), or vitamin A\u2010 and ALA\u2010deficient (VADALAD) diet. After 7 wk of feeding, liver and colon choline (CPG) and ethanolamine (EPG) phosphoglyceride FA were analyzed. The VADALAS compared with the VASALAS rats had elevated levels of both DHA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) and OA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) in liver CPG and EPG. In contrast, the VADALAD group had a lower DHA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) and higher OA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005) level in CPG and EPG of both tissues than their VASALAD counterparts. ALA deficiency reduced DHA and enhanced OA levels in liver and colon CPG and EPG in both the vitamin A\u2010sufficient (VASALAS vs. VASALAD) and\u2010deficient (VADALAS vs. VADALAD) rats (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005). The study demonstrates that ALA deficiency reduced DHA and enhanced OA levels in tissue membranes, and dietary vitamin A deficiency has a profound effect on membrane DHA and OA in rat tissues. Both vitamin A and DHA are involved in a myriad of vital physiological functions pertaining to growth and development and health. Hence, there is a need for a further study to unravel the mechanism by which vitamin A influences membrane DHA and OA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-006-5090-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,17]],"date-time":"2007-02-17T05:37:24Z","timestamp":1171690644000},"page":"213-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vitamin A deficiency enhances docosahexaenoic and Osbond acids in liver of rats fed an \u03b1\u2010linoleic acid\u2010adequate diet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition London Metropolitan University 166\u2010220 Holloway Rd. London N7 8DB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ghebremeskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition London Metropolitan University 166\u2010220 Holloway Rd. London N7 8DB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition London Metropolitan University 166\u2010220 Holloway Rd. London N7 8DB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Reifen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutritional Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"267","volume-title":"Lipids, Malnutrition and the Developing Brain, Ciba Foundation Symposium","author":"Crawford M.A.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(85)90011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)31666-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"The Effect of Fish Oil on Serum and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Rats","volume":"11","author":"Zhou D.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fish. 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