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Since both AA and DHA are selectively transferred from maternal to fetal circulation by the placenta, we have investigated whether the FA composition of the placenta is altered by GDM. Thirty\u2010six women, 11 with and 25 without GDM, were recruited from Newham General Hospital, London. The women with GDM had higher levels of di\u2010homo\u2010\u03b3\u2010linolenic (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), docosate\u2010traenoic (n\u20106 DTA; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001), docosapentaenoic n\u20106 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005), total n\u20106 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005), docosapentaenoic (n\u20103 DPA; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005), and total n\u20103 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01) FA, as well as higher levels of AA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) and DHA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01), in placental choline phosphoglycerides (CPG) compared with the healthy women who served as controls. Similarly, the women with GDM had elevated n\u20106 DTA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005), AA, total n\u20106 metabolites (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), DHA, total n\u20103 metabolites, and total n\u20103 FA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.005) in ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG). In contrast to CPG and EPG, the placental TG of the women with GDM had higher linoleic acid (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05) and lower AA, n\u20106 metabolites, and n\u20103 DPA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.01). The placenta is devoid of desaturase activity, and it is thought to be reliant on maternal circulation for both AA and DHA. Hence, the enhanced levels of the two FA in the placenta of the GDM group suggests that these FA are taken up from the maternal circulation and retained after esterification into phosphoglycerides instead of being transferred to the fetus. Further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism involved and the effect of the phenomenon on postnatal growth and development of the offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-006-5104-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,17]],"date-time":"2007-02-17T05:32:23Z","timestamp":1171690343000},"page":"341-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Gestational diabetes mellitus enhances arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in placental phospholipids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Demetris","family":"Bitsanis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Chemistry &amp; Human Nutrition London Metropolitan University Tower Block (T9\/4)166\u2010222 Holloway Road London N7 8DB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kebreab","family":"Ghebremeskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Chemistry &amp; Human Nutrition London Metropolitan University Tower Block (T9\/4)166\u2010222 Holloway Road London N7 8DB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therishnee","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Chemistry &amp; Human Nutrition London Metropolitan University Tower Block (T9\/4)166\u2010222 Holloway Road London N7 8DB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain Chemistry &amp; Human Nutrition London Metropolitan University Tower Block (T9\/4)166\u2010222 Holloway Road London N7 8DB UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ovrang","family":"Djahanbakhch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bart's and The Royal School of Medicine at Newham University Hospital London E13 8SL UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91306-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-198528030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.7.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(89)90117-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(91)90169-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0175"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-4-741"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The Effect of Dihomogammalinolenic Acid on Platelet Aggregation and Prostaglandin Release, Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acids and Serum Lipids: Evidence for Defects in PGE1 Synthesis and Delta 5\u2010Desaturase Activity in Insulin\u2010Dependent Diabetics","volume":"3","author":"Mikhailidis D.P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetes Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(91)90077-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Nutritional Modulation of Neural Function","author":"Connor W.E.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(80)90016-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81247-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000242104"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(93)90149-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","first-page":"781","article-title":"Essential Fatty Acids and Prematurity: A Triple Experimental Approach","volume":"189","author":"Descompos B.","year":"1995","journal-title":"C.R. 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