{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:29:04Z","timestamp":1791343744811,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]],"date-time":"2009-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tocotrienols are powerful chain breaking antioxidant. Moreover, they are now known to exhibit various non\u2010antioxidant properties such as anti\u2010cancer, neuroprotective and hypocholesterolemic functions. This study was undertaken to investigate the anti\u2010inflammatory effects of tocotrienol\u2010rich fraction (TRF) and individual tocotrienol isoforms namely \u03b4\u2010, \u03b3\u2010, and \u03b1\u2010tocotrienol on lipopolysaccharide\u2010stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The widely studied vitamin E form, \u03b1\u2010tocopherol, was used as comparison. Stimulation of RAW264.7 with lipopolysaccharide induced the release of various inflammatory markers. 10 \u03bcg\/ml of TRF and all tocotrienol isoforms significantly inhibited the production of interleukin\u20106 and nitric oxide. However, only \u03b1\u2010tocotrienol demonstrated a significant effect in lowering tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 production. Besides, TRF and all tocotrienol isoforms except \u03b3\u2010tocotrienol reduced prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> release. It was accompanied by the down\u2010regulation of cyclooxygenase\u20102 gene expression by all vitamin E forms except \u03b1\u2010tocopherol. Collectively, the data suggested that tocotrienols are better anti\u2010inflammatory agents than \u03b1\u2010tocopherol and the most effective form is \u03b4\u2010tocotrienol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-009-3326-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]],"date-time":"2009-08-04T11:44:08Z","timestamp":1249386248000},"page":"787-797","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Tocotrienols Suppress Proinflammatory Markers and Cyclooxygenase\u20102 Expression in RAW264.7 Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mun\u2010Li","family":"Yam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysian Palm Oil Board 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitti Rahma","family":"Abdul Hafid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysian Palm Oil Board 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwee\u2010Ming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalanithi","family":"Nesaretnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaysian Palm Oil Board 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Robbins basic pathology","author":"Mitchell RN","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441207"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104353"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"596","volume-title":"Basic & clinical pharmacology","author":"Furst DE","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.69.Suppl_1.SI31"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2003.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6465.347"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Palm fruit chemistry and nutrition","volume":"12","author":"Sundram K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3217"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00209-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/096374800111121"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)00000-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0877com"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200357097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Bioinformatics methods and protocols: methods in molecular biology","author":"Rozen S","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.6.8872"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","volume-title":"Image J","author":"Rasaband WS","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2006.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1103561"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.15.7240"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1261"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/A171"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706718"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.552210122"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02215851"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01714900"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00229701"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00437-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292706"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10030699","article-title":"Nitric oxide, the biological mediator of the decade: fact or fiction?","volume":"10","author":"Singh S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.271.5.C1424"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(99)00160-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02154-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(95)00194-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2005.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(00)00425-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1269"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200600212"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200700068"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700418"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810962106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610028200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-004-0555-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.09.003"}],"container-title":["Lipids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11745-009-3326-2","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1007\/s11745-009-3326-2","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11745-009-3326-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:19:54Z","timestamp":1760962794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11745-009-3326-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11745-009-3326-2"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11745-009-3326-2","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-4201","1558-9307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-4201","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,5]]}}}