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Fasting serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL\u2010C), high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins (apo) A\u2010\u0399, B, E, C\u2010II, C\u2010III and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] were determined in patients with Leptospirosis on diagnosis and 4 months after recovery as well as in age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls. Activities of cholesteryl\u2010ester transfer protein (CETP) and lipoprotein\u2010associated phospholipase A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (Lp\u2010PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) as well as paraoxonase 1 (PON1) hydrolysing activity and levels of cytokines were determined. LDL subclass analysis was performed with Lipoprint LDL System. Eleven patients (10 men, mean age 49.5 \u00b1 8.4 years) and 11 controls were included. TC, HDL\u2010C, LDL\u2010C, apoA\u2010I, apoB and Lp(a) levels were lower at baseline, whereas TG and apoE levels were elevated compared with 4 months later. At baseline, higher levels of cytokines and cholesterol concentration of small dense LDL particles (sdLDL\u2010C) were noticed, whereas LDL particle size was lower compared with follow\u2010up. Activities of plasma Lp\u2010PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and HDL\u2010associated Lp\u2010PLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were lower at baseline compared with post treatment values, whereas PON1 activity was similar at baseline and 4 months later. 4 months after recovery, the levels of all lipid parameters evaluated did not differ compared with controls, except for HDL\u2010C which remained lower. PON1 activity both at baseline and 4 months later was lower in patients compared with controls. Leptospirosis is associated with atherogenic changes of lipids, lipoproteins and associated enzymes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-011-3580-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,18]],"date-time":"2011-06-18T04:19:20Z","timestamp":1308370760000},"page":"953-960","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Leptospirosis is Associated with Markedly Increased Triglycerides and Small Dense Low\u2010Density Lipoprotein and Decreased High\u2010Density Lipoprotein"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Irene F.","family":"Gazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School University of Ioannina Ioannina 451 10 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotini A.","family":"Apostolou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School University of Ioannina Ioannina 451 10 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