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We investigated the effects of dietary flaxseed both with and without an atherogenic cholesterol\u2010enriched diet to determine the effects of dietary flaxseed on the expression of the adipose cytokines leptin and adiponectin. Rabbits were fed one of four diets: a regular (RG) diet, or a regular diet with added 0.5% cholesterol (CH), or 10% ground flaxseed (FX), or both (CF) for 8 weeks. Levels of leptin and adiponectin expression were assessed by RT\u2010PCR in visceral adipose tissue. Consumption of flaxseed significantly increased plasma and adipose levels of ALA. Leptin protein and mRNA expression were lower in CH animals and were elevated in CF animals. Changes in leptin expression were strongly and positively correlated with adipose ALA levels and inversely correlated with levels of <jats:italic>en face<\/jats:italic> atherosclerosis. Adiponectin expression was not significantly affected by any of the dietary interventions. Our data demonstrate that the type of fat in the diet as well as its caloric content can specifically influence leptin expression. The findings support the hypothesis that the beneficial cardiovascular effects associated with flaxseed consumption may be related to a change in leptin expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-011-3619-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T21:59:07Z","timestamp":1319579947000},"page":"1043-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Alpha Linolenic Acid Content of Flaxseed is Associated with an Induction of Adipose Leptin Expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Richelle S.","family":"McCullough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri\u2010food Research in Health and Medicine St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre 351 Tache Ave. Winnipeg MB R2H 2A6 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Edel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri\u2010food Research in Health and Medicine St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre 351 Tache Ave. Winnipeg MB R2H 2A6 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal M. 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