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Both diet composition and exercise influence serum leptin; however, the effect of their combination on long\u2010term WAT leptin metabolism is unknown. In this study, rats fed with standard or high\u2010sugar diets (HSD) were simultaneously subjected to running training for 4\u2010 and 8\u2010week periods, and the retroperitoneal WAT (rWAT) was evaluated for adipocyte cell size, lipid and catecholamine content, <jats:italic>Lep<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>OB<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Rb<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ucp2<\/jats:italic> mRNA transcription levels, and circulating leptin and non\u2010esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The HSD groups displayed a higher adiposity index and rWAT weight, <jats:italic>Lep<\/jats:italic> mRNA and protein upregulation, and a period\u2010dependent effect on <jats:italic>OB<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Rb<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression. Exercise decreased serum leptin and upregulated the <jats:italic>OB<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Rb<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels. However, in rats fed with an HSD, the increase in <jats:italic>OB<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Rb<\/jats:italic> mRNA and reduction in catecholamine levels resulted in a high level of adiposity and hyperleptinemia. The combination of training and an HSD decreases the NEFA levels and upregulating the <jats:italic>Ucp2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression in the 4\u2010week period, while downregulating the <jats:italic>Ucp2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression in the 8\u2010week period without changing the NEFA levels. Our results suggest that an HSD induces an increase in leptin expression in rWAT, while reducing adipocytes via leptin\u2010mediated lipolysis after an 8\u2010week period. In exercised rats fed an HSD, TAG synthesis and storage overlaps with lipolysis, promoting fat store development and <jats:italic>Lep<\/jats:italic> mRNA and plasma protein upregulation in adult rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-013-3854-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T02:02:48Z","timestamp":1384480968000},"page":"85-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Endurance Training Increases Leptin Expression in the Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue of Rats Fed with a High\u2010Sugar Diet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Karina Barbosa","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, NUPEB, ICEB2 Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Room 045 Morro do Cruzeiro Campus Ouro Preto MG 35400\u2010000 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