{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:30:27Z","timestamp":1781562627492,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001342","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main surface constituent of Gram\u2010negative bacteria. Lipid A, the hydrophobic moiety, outer monolayer of the outer cell membrane forms the major component of LPS. Immunogenic Lipid A is recognized by the innate immune system through the TLR 4\/MD\u20102 complex. <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> PAO1, a Gram\u2010negative bacterium is known to cause nosocomial infection and known for its adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> can infect a broad host spectrum including <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>, a simple free living soil nematode. Here, we reveal that PAO1 modifies its Lipid A during the host interaction with <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>. The penta\u2010acylated form of Lipid A was identified by using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight analysis and the \u03b2\u2010(1,6)\u2010linked disaccharide of glucosamine with phosphate groups, 2 and 2\u2032 amide linked fatty acid chain and 3 and 3\u2032 ester linked fatty acids were investigated for the modification using the non destructive <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H NMR, spin\u2013lattice (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) relaxation measurement, differential scanning calorimetry. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> relaxation measurements showed that the 2 and 2\u2032 amide linked fatty acid chain, \u2013CH in the glucosamine disaccharide of PAO1 lipid A, in an exposed host had a different spin lattice relaxation time compared to an unexposed host and the findings were reconfirmed using <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> human corneal epithelial cells cell lines. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis revealed that the <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> PAO1 biofilm formation was disturbed in the exposed host condition. The <jats:italic>daf<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>12<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>daf<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>16<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>tol<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>pmk<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>1, ins<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>7<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ilys<\/jats:italic>3 immune genes of <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> were examined with live bacterial and isolated lipid moiety infection and the expression was found to be highly specific. Overall, the present study revealed that PAO1 modified its 2 and 2\u2032 amide linked fatty acid chain in the lipid A of PAO1 LPS during the exposed host condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-014-3898-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T06:22:13Z","timestamp":1397110933000},"page":"555-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Analysis of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> PAO1 Lipid A Changes During the Interaction with Model Organism, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Balasubramanian","family":"Vigneshkumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Alagappa University, Science Campus Karaikudi Tamil Nadu 630004 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasan","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR\u2010Central Electro Chemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnaswamy","family":"Balamurugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Alagappa University, Science Campus Karaikudi Tamil Nadu 630004 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