{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T06:21:02Z","timestamp":1780122062198,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been reported that dietary gangliosides may have an important role in preventing infections and in brain development during early infancy. However, data related to the evolution of their concentration over the different stages of lactation are scarce. Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometer (LC\/ESI\u2010HR\u2010MS) has been optimized to quantify the two major ganglioside classes, i.e., aNeu5Ac(2\u20108)aNeu5Ac(2\u20103)bDGalp(1\u20104)bDGlcp(1\u20101)Cer (GD3) and aNeu5Ac(2\u20103)bDGalp(1\u20104)bDGlcp(1\u20101)Cer (GM3) in human milk. Gangliosides were extracted using chloroform and methanol, further purified by solid\u2010phase extraction and separated by reversed\u2010phase liquid chromatography. Repeatability, intermediate reproducibility, and recovery values were assessed to validate the method. In human milk, GD3 and GM3 could be quantified at the level of 0.1 and 0.2 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively, with relative standard deviation of repeatability [CV(r)] and intermediate reproducibility [CV(iR)] values ranging from 1.9 to 15.0 % and 1.9 to 22.5 %, respectively. The described method was used to quantify GD3 and GM3 in human milk samples collected from 450 volunteers between 0 and 11 days and at 30, 60 and 120 days postpartum, providing for the first time the concentration of these minor lipids in a large cohort. The content of total gangliosides ranged from 8.1 and 10.7 \u03bcg\/mL and the mean intake of gangliosides in infants 30, 60 and 120 days postpartum could be estimated at about 5.5, 7.0 and 8.6 mg of total gangliosides per day, respectively, when infants were exclusively breastfed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-014-3943-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T02:55:34Z","timestamp":1409712934000},"page":"997-1004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Longitudinal Evolution of the Concentration of Gangliosides GM3 and GD3 in Human Milk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Research Center, Nestec Ltd P.O. Box 44 Vers\u2010chez\u2010les\u2010Blanc, 26 Lausanne 1000 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Masserey","family":"Elmelegy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Research Center, Nestec Ltd P.O. Box 44 Vers\u2010chez\u2010les\u2010Blanc, 26 Lausanne 1000 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar K.","family":"Thakkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Research Center, Nestec Ltd P.O. Box 44 Vers\u2010chez\u2010les\u2010Blanc, 26 Lausanne 1000 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Marmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Research Center, Nestec Ltd P.O. Box 44 Vers\u2010chez\u2010les\u2010Blanc, 26 Lausanne 1000 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Destaillats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Research Center, Nestec Ltd P.O. Box 44 Vers\u2010chez\u2010les\u2010Blanc, 26 Lausanne 1000 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02641015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(86)90268-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507832946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Lipids in infant nutrition","author":"Rueda R","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100067"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(57)90254-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac035511t"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"9689","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of gangliosides in bovine milk and colostrum\u2010based dairy products by ultra\u2010high performance liquid chromatography\u2010tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"61","author":"Lee HH","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201101039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-009-3327-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D800038-JLR200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration (FDA)(2001)Guidance for industry: bioanalytical method validation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2005.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.160804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000177914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(99)00051-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm3.1995.376.12.723"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2004.tb00898.x","article-title":"Distribution of sialic acids in the milk of Spanish mothers of full term infants during lactation","volume":"39","author":"Martin\u2010Sosa S","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastr Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.5.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01049915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.123489"}],"container-title":["Lipids"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3943-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:31:27Z","timestamp":1760970687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3943-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s11745-014-3943-2"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11745-014-3943-2","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-4201","1558-9307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-4201","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-9307","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]}}}